Nineteen Propositions. 1642. Parliament’s demands, rejected by Charles I. Civil War.

Nixon, Richard. 1913-94. US president 1969-74. Hiss investigation. Checkers. China relations. Vietnam cease-fire. Watergate. Pardoned.

Nkrumah, Kwame. 1909-72. Gold Coast/Ghana Prime Minister 1952-60, President 60-66.

Nordic Council. 1953-. Denmark, Norway, Sweden. 1955 +Finland. Promotes cultural unity, reciprocal rights.

Northampton, Battle. 1460. War of the Roses. York victory earns right to succeed Henry VI.

Northern Ireland. Ireland. 17C Protestants settle. 1801 United Kingdom. 1920 Ireland divided. 1922 Civil War. 1922 Direct rule. IRA.

Northern War, First. 1655-60. Sweden vs Poland and allies. Sweden wins Danish territory. Poland renounces claim to Swedish throne.

Northern War, Great. 1700-21. Sweden vs Russia and allies. Ends Sweden’s power, begins Russia’s.

Northwest Rebellion. 1885. Saskachewan natives and Métis for land rights. Defeated. Riél.

Norway. 872 United by Harald Fairhair. 1130- Civil wars. 1397 Danish. 1814 Swedish. 1905 Independent. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 1963. US, UK, USSR, + 100 signatories. No atmospheric, underwater, or space tests. France, China decline, continue testing.

Nuremberg Eggs. 1510. First watches-by Peter Henlein.

Nystad, Treaty. 1721. Russia/Sweden. Russia gains window on Baltic. Ends Great Northern War.

Obregón, Alvaro. 1880-1928. Reforming Mexican President 1920-24. Peace after civil war.

October War. 1973. Egypt, Syria attack Israel on Yom Kippur. Repulsed. UN creates buffer zone.

Odets, Clifford. 1906-63. US playwright of social protest. Waiting for Lefty 1935. Golden Boy 1937.

Oisin. (Ossian). 3C. Gaelic warrior bard. Legends of his father Finn MacCool.

Ojibwa. (Chippewa). North American Indians near Great Lakes. Supported French vs British in 7 Years War, British vs Americans in Revolution.

Okinawa, Battle. 1945. US defeat Japanese garrison.

Olaf I. c963-1000. King of Norway 995-. Began conversion to Christianity.

Olaf II. c995-1030. 1015-28. Converted Norway. Patron Saint. First National legislation.

Olaf V. 1903-91 King of Norway 1957-. Commanded army vs Germany in 1944, then fled to England.

Old Ironsides. 1797. US frigate Constitution. Tripolitan War. War of 1812.

Oliva, Peace. 1660. Ended First Northern War.

Olivares, Conde de. 1587-1645. Spanish Prime Minister 1625-43. Policies of warfare, tax caused revolt.

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