L’Enfant, Pierre. 1754-1825. French/US architect. Washington town plan 1792, implemented 1901.

Leninism. Applied Dialectical Materialism. World Proletariat Revolution. Dictatorship of the Proletariat, then transition to Communism. Authoritarian conspiratorial elite conscious of imperative of history. “Freedom in discussion-unity in action”.

Leo III, St. -816. Pope 795-. Crowned Charlemagne recreating Western Roman Empire.

Leo IX, St. 1002-54. Pope 1049-. Excommunicated Cerularius, causing East-West Schism.

Leonardo da Vinci. 1452-1519. Florentine painter, writer, sculptor, scientist. Prototypical Renaissance Man. Sfumato. Laws of Flight. Adoration of Magi 1479. Last Supper 1495. Mona Lisa 1503. Parachute 1480.

Leopold and Loeb. 1924. Wealthy, intellectual partners ‘perfect’ murder of Bobby Franks leads to life imprisonment. Darrow plea avoids execution.

Lepidus, Marcus. -13BC. Roman triumvir with Antony, Octavian 43-36BC. Failed revolt vs Octavian, 36BC.

Lessing, Gotthold. 1729-81. German Movement dramatist. Laokoon 1765. Minna von Barnheim 1767. Nathan the Wise 1779.

Lettres de Cachet. 16C-1789. French royal warrants for arrest. Often political. Bastille.

Leutze, Emanuel. 1816-68. US painter. Washington Crossing the Delaware 1851.

Levellers. 1645-50. English Civil War republican democratic party. Sought religious, political equality and end to monarchy.

Levi, Primo. 1919-87. Italian writer. Survival in Auschwitz 1947. Periodic Table 1975.

Leviathan. Evil sea monster of Jewish mythology.

Levites. Hebrew religious teachers, who slaughtered the idolators of the golden calf.

Lewes, Battle. 1264. English barons capture Henry III and Prince Edward, force concessions.

Lewis, C.S. 1898-1963. English fantasy writer, Christian apologist. Chronicles of Narnia 1950-6.

Lewis, Merriwether. 1774-1809. US explorer with Clark overland to Pacific NW, 1804-6.

Lewis, Sinclair. 1885-1951. US writer of small town life: Babbit 1922. Elmer Gantry 1927.

Lewis, Wyndham. 1882-1957. English satirical writer, artist. Founded Vorticism. Apes of God 1930.

Lex Talionis. Old Testament Law- An eye for an eye...

Lexington and Concord, Battle. 1775. First American Revolution battle. British march on Concord supply depot. Established guerilla warfare as colonist strategy. 273 British, 95 Americans killed. Paul Revere.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

Li Po. 701-62. Chinese free spirited, playful, fantasy poet. Drowned, drunk, reaching for moon’s reflection.

Li Tzu-ch’eng. 1605-45. Chinese rebel. Overthrew Ming dynasty 1644. Defeated by Manchu.

Libby, Willard. 1908-80. US chemist. Carbon 14 dating 1947.

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