Liber. Roman god of wine, fertility...Bacchus. = Dionysus.

Liberalism. 19C. Movement for freedom of the individual, democracy. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. 20C. Movement to free individuals from economic restraint by social welfare programs.

Liberty Affair. 1768. British sieze Hancock’s sloop ’Liberty’ smuggling wine to Boston.

Libya. 7C BC Phoenician, Carthage, Greek colonies. 46BC Rome. 476 Vandal(W). 534 Byzantine 647 Arab. 1551 Ottoman. 1911 Italian colony. 1943 British/French 1950 Independent Kingdom. 1969 Qaddafi coup. Terrorism. Lockerbie.

Lichtenstein, Roy. 1923-97. New York Pop ‘comic strip’ artist. Whaam! 1963.

Lie, Jonas. 1833-1908. Norwegian realistic novelist. Family at Gilje 1883.

Lie, Trygve. 1896-1968. Norwegian. First UN Secretary General, 1946-52.

Liebknecht, Wilhelm. 1826-1900. German Socialist. Founded Social Democratic Labour Party, 1869.

Liechtenstein. 5C Alemanni. Franks. 1342 Independent. 1396 HRE. 1719 Principality «HRE. 1806 Rhine Confederation.1815 German Confederation. 1852 Customs Union with Austria 1923 Customs Union with Switzerland.

Lilburne, John. 1614-57. English leader of Levellers during Civil War.

Lilith. Jewish female demon, Adam’s wife before Eve.

Liluokalani. 1838-1917. Last Hawaiian queen 1891-5. Abdicated. Aloha Oe.

Lima Declaration. 1938. W. Hemisphere solidarity vs Fascist threat.

Limerick Capitulation. 1691. Confirmed English rule and Protestant land ownership in Ireland.

Lincoln, Abraham. 1809-65. US Republican president 1861-. Civil War. Gettysburg. Emancipation Proclamation. Assassinated. Booth.

Linnaeus, Carolus. 1707-78. Swedish botanist. Created Latin genus/species naming convention. Systema Naturae 1735. Philosophia Botanica 1751. Classified Homo Sapiens 1766.

Liotard, Jean Etienne. 1702-89. Swiss pastel portrait painter.

Liutprand. Powerful Lombard King, 712-44. Law code.

Livia Drusilla. 58BC-29 AD. Influential wife of Augustus. Mother of Tiberius.

Livonia. 9C Livs. 1237 Teutonic Knights. 1569 Lithuania/ Poland. 1660 Sweden. 1721 Russia. 1918 Estonia/ Latvia.

Livonian War. 1558-83. Russia fails to conquer Livonia for access to Baltic.

Lloyd George, David. 1863-1945. British Liberal Prime Minister,1916-22. Unemployment insurance. Irish Free State. War cabinet, 1916.

Lloyd’s. English insurance society created in Edward Lloyd’s Coffee House 1688.

Lloyd Webber, Andrew. 1948-. British composer of popular musicals. Jesus Christ, Superstar 1971. Evita 1978. Cats 1981. Phantom of the Opera.

Llwelyn. Welsh prince, 1246-82. With Montfort in Barons War.

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