Grieg, Edvard. 1843-1907. Norwegian “miniaturist” composer: Peer Gynt 1875. Gentle and appealing music.

Griffiths, D.W. 1875-1948. US filmmaker. First visual effects. Birth of a Nation 1915.

Grillparzer, Franz. 1791-1872. Austrian playwright. The Ancestress 1817. Sappho 1818.

Grimm, Wilhelm. 1786-1859, Jacob 1785-1863. German writers of fairy tales 1812, founders of the German philology.

Gringo. 1847. Mexican pejorative for American. From “Green grow the rushes, oh”, sung during Mexican War.

Gris, Juan. 1887-1927. Spanish Cubist painter. Guitar, Book and Newspaper 1920.

Griselda. Italian wife whose patience was tested by her husband, without complaint.

Gropius, Walter. 1883-1969. German architect. Bauhaus director. Modern horizontal buildings, glass walls.

Grotius, Hugo. 1583-1645. Dutch jurist. Laws of War and Peace 1625.

Group of Seven. 1920-74. Canadian Impressionist painters. MacDonald, Harris, Lismer, Varley, Carmichael, Johnston, Jackson. Thomson 1913.

Grünewald, Matthias, St. -1528. German Late Gothic artist. Isenheim altarpiece c1510. Colors influenced Baroque Art.

Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty. 1848. Ended Mexican War. US paid $15M for half of Mexico.

Guarantees, Law of. 1871. Failed to define relationship between papacy and Italian government. Lateran Treaty, 1929.

Guelfs and Ghibellines. 1154-15C. Rival factions responsible for feuds in Germany and Italy. Welfs.

Guernica. Spanish Basque capital bombed by Germans for Franco, 1937. Euzkadi. Picasso. Spanish Civil War.

Guerra Santa (Holy War). 1848. Unsuccessful Italian revolution. Garibaldi. Mazzini.

Guesclin, Bertrand du. c1320-80. French military leader, 100 Years’ War. Expelled English from France.

Guild Socialism. 1900-20. British movement for state- owned, worker-controlled industry.

Guinea. 1663-1817. English gold coin worth £1.05.

Guinevere. Wife of King Arthur, in love with Sir Lancelot.

Guise, Francois, duc de. 1519-63. Massacred Huguenots at Vassy, 1562, starting War of Religion.

Guise, Henri, duc de. 1550-88. Partipated in St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Founded Catholic League 1576. Led revolt against Henry III. Murdered.

Gulf War. 1990-91. Allies (US, Britain, France, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia +26 others) expel Iraq from Kuwait.

Gunpowder Plot. Nov 5, 1605. Conspiracy of Catholics against James I. Betrayed, the Houses of Parliament were not blown up. Guy Fawkes is burned in effigy each year. Catesby.

Gurney, Goldsworthy. 1793-1875. British Steam-auto passenger service.

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