Angström, Anders. 1814-74. Swedish physicist: discovered spectroscopy 1853.

Animism. Belief of a spirit within all objects.

Anjala League. 1788-89. Swedish, Finnish officers conspire vs Gustav III to end Russo-Swedish War.

Anjou. Region, former province of western France. Under English 1151-1204, 1360. 1480 France. Angevin.

Anne of Austria. 1601-66. Wife of Louis XIII. Founded Feuillantines, 1622; Val-de-Grâce, 1638. Regent for Louis XIV until he became of age.

Anne of Bretagne. 1477-1514. Wife of Charles VIII, 1491, then of Louis XII, 1499. Began union of Brittany with France.

Anne of Cleves. 1515-57. Fourth wife of Henry VIII. Divorced.

Anschluss. Austrian “reunification” with Germany, 1938 by plebiscite-99.75% for.

Antarctica. 1773 Cook explores seas. 1820 first sighted. Bransfield. 1821 first landing-Davis. 1911 Amundsen first to S Pole.

Anthroposophy. Human power to contact spiritual world. Steiner.

Anti-Clericalism. Hostility to church political power.

Anti-Corn Law League. 1839-46. Cobden and Bright’s pacifist movement for Free Trade, public education, against social reform and Chartists. Corn Laws.

Anti-Masonic Party. 1826. US party absorbed into Whigs 1838.

Anti-Semitism. Racial prejudice against Jews. Pogrom. Final Solution.

Anti-Socialist Law. 1878-90. Germans ban unions.

Antigua. Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1632 English settle. 18C slave trade. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 Self-government. 1981 Independent +Barbuda.

Antigua, Treaty. 1968. Formed CFTA, now Caribbean Community.

Antinomianism. 16C Belief that some Christians by special faith need not obey Old Testament moral laws.

Antonine Wall. 142. Scotland. North of Hadrian’s. Abandoned ~196. Antoninus.

Antoninus, Pius. 86-161. Roman Emperor 138-. Built Antonine Wall.

Antony, Mark. c83-30BC. Caesar’s lieutenant. Triumvirate 43-32. Defeated at Actium with Cleopatra. Suicide.

Anville, J.B. d’. 1697-1782. French cartographer known for accuracy.

ANZAC. Australian+New Zealand forces in WWI. Gallipoli.

Apache. Natives of SW North America. Geronimo. Cochise.

Apelles. 4C BC. Greek painter. No surviving works.

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