America’s Cup. 1851. Royal Yacht Squadron race won by Americans until 1983. Oldest international sports trophy.

Amiens, Mise of. 1264. Louis IX arbitrated annulment of Provisions of Oxford. Barons War.

Amiens, Treaty. 1527. Henry VIII, Francis I ally vs Charles V. 1802. England, France, Spain, Holland end French Revolutionary Wars. Britain cedes captured territory, gains Ceylon, Trinidad.

Ammianus Marcellinus. 330-395. Wrote 31 volume History of Rome.

Amnesty International. 1961. Human rights watchdog NGO fighting for political prisoners and victims of torture. MacBride.

Amphion. Thebian king with magic lyre.

Amphitrite. Greek sea goddess. Wife of Poseidon.

Amram bar Shishna. -875. Hebrew scholar. Oldest prayer book. Seder Rab Amram.

Amundsen, Roald. 1872-1928. Norwegian explorer, first to South Pole, 1911; NW Passage, 1906.

Anabaptists. 1520- Christian sect. Adult baptism. No clergy. Salvation via faith. Millenialist. Hutterites, Mennonites, Quakers. Peasants War.

Anarchism. 19C Philosophy: “Every man should be his own government, his own law, his own church”-Owen. Thoreau’s return to nature, passive resistance, and no taxes influenced Ghandi. Proudhon. Tolstoy. Godwin.

Anarchism, Communistic. Marxist revolutionary version of anarchism that seeks to overthrow the state. Bakunin. Kropotkin. Assassinated: Sadi-Carnot, Empress Elizabeth, Umberto I, McKinley.

André, John. 1750-80. British officer in American Revolution. Conspired with Benedict Arnold.

Andrew, St. Apostle and martyr. Patron saint of Scotland and Russia. Peter’s brother.

Andrew II. 1175-1235. King of Hungary, 1202-. Signed Golden Bull.

Andromaque. Wife of Hector, model of conjugal and maternal love.

Andromeda. Ethiopian wife of Perseus.

Andrusov, Treaty. 1667. Ended Russo-Polish War. Divided Ukraine.

Aneurin. -c560. Welsh poet. Y Gododdin.

Anglo-Afghan Wars. 1839-42. 1878-80. 1919. British limit Russian influence, maintain buffer to India.

Anglo-American War. 1812-14. US, angry at British blockade of France, and Tippecanoe interference, invades Canada. Toronto and White House burned. US defeated. Ghent Treaty.

Anglo-Catholicism. High Church movement in Church of England. Stresses link with Roman Catholic church. Oxford Movement.

Anglo-Dutch Wars. 17-18C. Established England’s naval power, ended Dutch world power.

Anglo-Soviet Agreement. 1941. 20 year pledge against Nazi Germany and Axis powers.

Angry Young Men. 1950s British writers. Irreverence for establishment. Amis, Wain, Osborne.

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