Arthur. c500. Legendary king of Camelot. Knights of the Round Table.

Aryans. 2000BC. Nomads from Steppes spread to India. Founded Indus Civilization, 3240-2750BC. Hyksos Empire in Syria, 1720-1550BC. Introduced horse chariots. Basis for all Indo-European languages.

Asceticism. Self denial of sensual and material pleasures. Advocated by many religious sects.

Ashurbanipal. Assyrian king 669-626BC. Lost Egypt. Built Nineveh Library-22,000 clay tablets.

Asiento. 1517-1750. Monopoly contracts to supply slaves to Spanish colonies.

Assad, Hafiz al-. 1928-2000. Syrian President 1971-. Supports Qadaffi, PLO. Anti-Israel.

Assignats. French legal tender, 1789-96. Overissue caused inflation. Became worth 1% of face value.

Attwood, Thomas. 1783-1856. British Chartist.

Aumale, Henri, duc d’Orleans. 1822-97. French general, Orleanist leader.

Austerlitz, Battle. Moravia. Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians, Dec 2, 1805. Peace with Austria.

Austria. 400BC Celts. 15BC Rome. 5-7C Huns, Avars ravage. 6C Slovenes settle 8C Charlemagne. 9C Magyar. 955 Otto I...962 HRE. 976 Babenberg(E). 1278 Hapsburg. 1453 Archduchy. 1804 Austrian Empire. 1867 Ausgleich. 1918 Republic. 1938 Germany. 1945 Republic. 1955 Independence from Allies.

Avignon Papacy. 1309-77. Popes from Clement V based in Avignon, France. Great Schism.

Baader-Meinhof Gang. (Red Army Faction). 1968-92. West German terrorists supported by Stasi.

Babington, Anthony. 1561-86. English conspirator to murder Elizabeth I for Mary Queen of Scots. Beheaded.

Bacon’s Rebellion. 1676. Virginia colonists under N.Bacon defeat Indians, take Jamestown.

Baden-Powell, Robert. 1857-1941. English General, founded Boy Scouts 1908; Girl Guides with sister Agnes, 1910.

Badr, Battle. 624. Muhammad’s first military victory. Defeats Umayyad caravan.

Bailey, Old. London Law Courts. Building 1907.

Bakunists. Anarchist faction of Internationals.

Balkan Wars. 1912-13. Balkan League defeats Ottoman Empire. Turkish territory distributed. General dissatisfaction termed the “powder keg of Europe”.

Ball, John. -1381. English priest. Led Peasants Revolt. Executed. Tyler.

Bannockburn, Battle. 1314. Scots defeat English, assuring independence. Robert the Bruce.

Banville, Théodore de. 1823-91. French Parnassian poet. Early Symbolist. Odes funambulesques 1857.

Baptists. 1608-. Congregationalist Christian church. Baptism for believers only, (not infants).

Barbizon. 19C French objective style of painting landscapes from nature; influenced Impressionists. Millet, Diaz.

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