Amboise Conspiracy. 1560. Failed Huguenot plot to kidnap French king. Led to massacre of 1200 Huguenots.

Amboise Peace. 1563. Gave limited rights of worship to French Huguenots.

American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU. 1920-. US legal action group supporting civil rights.

American Civil War. 1861-5. Abolitionist North defeats slave-owning South. Britain and France support South, Russia supports North. Union. Confederacy.

America’s Cup. 1851. Royal Yacht Squadron race won by Americans until 1983. Oldest international sports trophy.

Amnesty International. 1961. Human rights watchdog NGO fighting for political prisoners and victims of torture. MacBride.

Amritsar. 1577 Sikh. 1761 Golden Temple destroyed; rebuilt 1764. 1849 India.

Amritsar Riot. 1919. British Dyer opens fire on unarmed Indians. 379 dead. 1200 injured.

Anabaptists. 1520- Christian sect. Adult baptism. No clergy. Salvation via faith. Millenialist. Hutterites, Mennonites, Quakers. Peasants War.

Anarchism, Communistic. Marxist revolutionary version of anarchism that seeks to overthrow the state. Bakunin. Kropotkin. Assassinated: Sadi-Carnot, Empress Elizabeth, Umberto I, McKinley.

Angevin Dynasty. Descendants of French House of Anjou. France -1480. Plantagenet Kings of England 1154-1485. Charles I of Anjou.

Anglo-Irish Agreement. 1985. Irish Republic gets voice in governing N. Ireland.

Animism. Belief of a spirit within all objects.

Anne. 1665-1714. British Queen 1702-. Reign notable for literarature, science, architecture. Last Stuart. Acts of Union, Settlement.

Anne of Austria. 1601-66. Wife of Louis XIII. Founded Feuillantines, 1622; Val-de-Grâce, 1638. Regent for Louis XIV until he became of age.

Anouilh, Jean. 1910-87. French dramatist: Antigone, Becket 1959.

Anselm, St. 1033-1109. Archbishop of Canterbury, founder of Scholasticism. Proved God exists 1078.

Anti-Corn Law League. 1839-46. Cobden and Bright’s pacifist movement for Free Trade, public education, against social reform and Chartists. Corn Laws.

Antipope. Elected in opposition to existing pope. Schism.

Apocrypha. 14 Books of the Old Testament excluded by Protestants and Jews.

Arab-Israeli Wars. 1948-9. Palestinians flee to Arab countries. 1956. Israel captures Sinai, UN takes over. 1967. Six Day War. Israel defeats Egypt, Syria, Jordan, gains Jerusalem, Sinai, Golan,... 1973. Egypt, Syria attack = October War.

Argonauts. Greek heroes who pursued the golden fleece.

Aristotle. 384-322BC. Greek philosopher, founder of Peripatetics: Unified theory of knowledge. Matter, potentially alive, strives to attain its living form. Stressed observation and logic. Deductive Reasoning. Free Will.

Ark of the Covenant. Built by Moses to house 10 Commandments.

Armed Neutrality at Sea. 1780-1801. Agreement that neutral flag at sea protects all but military goods.

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