Chinese Exclusion Acts. 1882-1943. Banned Chinese immigration to US. Asian 1924-.

Chivalry. 12-15C. International brotherhood of knights and their code of conduct.

Chouans. 1793-1815. Breton peasants and smugglers, joined Vendée Royalists.

Christianity. World’s largest religion, based on acts and teachings of Jesus Christ, believed to be Son of God. Emphasises love for all..

Christina. 1629-89. Swedish queen 1632-54. Abdicated. Patron of Arts.

Cinque Ports. 1067-1608. Association of English Channel ports to defend England.

Cistercians. 1098-. RC monastic order. Rigorous rule. Trappist vows of silence 1664.

Civil Rights Acts. US. 1866 Black citizenship. 1964 Ends all legal discrimination. 1968 Bans housing discrimination. 1991 Equal employment.

Civil Rights Movement. 1950-91. US movement to obtain rights for blacks. 1955 Parks. 1963 March on Washington. King speech. 1991 Civil Rights Act.

Clarendon Constitution. 1164. Henry II limits church power in England. Opposed by Becket.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Clear Grits Movement. 1848-51. Canadian political movement for representation by population.

Clement V. Pope 1305-14. Moved papacy to Avignon. Dissolved Knights Templar 1312. Prohibited usury.

Clement VII. Antipope 1378-94. Avignon. Election caused Great Schism.

Clement VIII. Antipope 1423-29. Ended Great Schism.

Club of Rome. Published 1972 Limits to Growth showing the dangers of overpopulation.

Cod War. 1972-6. Britain upset at Iceland’s unilateral expansion of fishing limits to 50 miles.

Cold War. 1946-90. Alternating crisis and detente between west and east, begun with Russia breaking Potsdam Agreement and creating communist regimes in East Germany and Czechoslovakia.

Coligny, Gaspard de. 1519-72. Huguenot leader 1562-. Influence on king caused Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Collins, Michael. 1890-1922. Led Easter Rebellion. First Prime Minister of Irish Free State 1922. Assassinated by extremists.

Colt, Samuel. 1814-62. US revolver inventor.

Combination Acts. 1799, 1800. Britain outlaws trade unions. Repealed 1824.

Common Law. Based on precedents derived from reason rather than a code of statutes. Originally English.

Compromise of 1850. Acts to prevent secession of US slave states.

Conciliarism. 12C-. General Council has greater power than pope. Popular during Great Schism.

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