Bergson, Henri. 1859-1941. Philosopher. Creative Evolution 1907. The life force. Vitalism.

Beria, Laurenty. 1899-1953. Soviet commisar in charge of Stalin’s security police 1938-.

Berlin. Capital of: 1701 Prussia. 1871 Germany. 1949 German Democratic Republic. 1990 Germany.

Berlin Decree. 1806. Napoleon announces Continental System blockading Britain.

Bernard, Claude. 1813-78. French physiologist and logician. Influenced Pavlov. Intro. to Experimental Medicine 1865.

Bernini, Lorenzo. 1598-1680. Italian Baroque painter, sculptor, architect. Louis XIV bust. Apollo and Daphne 1616. St. Theresa 1646.

Betti, Ugo. 1892-1953. Italian dramatist. La Padrona 1927.

Biedermeier. 1815-35. German bourgeois kitsch style of sentimental art and utilitarian furniture. Circular pedestal table.

Binet, Alfred. 1857-1911. French. Invented intelligence test 1905. Projective testing 1903.

Black and Tans. 1920-22. Brutal British police sent to suppress Irish unrest. Irish Free State.

Boccaccio, Giovanni. 1313-75. Italian “father” of vernacular novel. Decameron 1348-53.

Boccioni, Umberto. 1882-1916. Italian artist. Founded Futurism. Riot in the Gallery 1909.

Boito, Arrigo. 1842-1918. Italian poet, librettist: Verdi’s Othello, Falstaff.

Bonaparte, Louis. 1778-1846. King of Holland 1806-10. Forced to abdicate after opposing Continental System. Napoleon’s brother.

Bonaventure, St. 1217-1274. Italian Franciscan theologian.

Borghese. 13-18C. Italian noble family.

Borgia, Cesare. 1476-1507. Ruthless Italian Machiavellian statesman. Son of Pope Alexander VI.

Borromini, Francesco. 1599-1667. Italian Baroque architect. S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 1665-67.

Bragg, William. 1862-1942. English discoverer of crystallography by x-ray diffraction. with son Lawrence (1890-1971).

Bramante, Donato. 1444-1514. Italian architect. St. Peter’s 1506.

Brecht, Bertolt. 1898-1956. German experimental dramatist: Threepenny Opera 1928. Mother Courage.

British Somaliland. 1880 British protectorate. 1960 +Italian Somaliland =independent Somalia.

Broglie, Louis de. 1892-1987. Italian/French physicist. Wave/particle theory.

Bronze Age. 3500-500BC. First uses of metal for arms and tools. Began in Near East. Society more structured. Specialization begins. Iron Age.

Brown, Lancelot “Capability”. 1715-83. English landscape architect. Created the definitive “English Garden”: assymmetric, harmonious, accidental. Blenheim. Prior Park.

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