Rhodes. <1000BC Minoan. Dorian. 5C BC Delian League. 43BC Rome alliance. 653 Saracen. 1309 Knights of St John. 1522 Turks. 1912 Italy. 1947 Greece. c1C BC School of rhetoric.

Ricci, Matteo. 1552-1610. Italian Jesuit missionary to China.

Richmond, Virginia. US Confederate capital 1861-5.

Ridolfi, Roberto. 1531-1612. Italian Catholic plotter vs Elizabeth I 1571. Norfolk.

Right Opposition. 1928-29. Communists opponents of Stalin within Central Committee.

Risorgimento. c1800-70 Movement for unified Italy. Young Italy.

Roland. -778. Count of Brittany. Officer of Charlemagne, immortalized in song by Turold, c1100.

Roman Question. 1861-1929. Italy vs Papacy over control of Rome. Lateran Treaty.

Romantic. Period of music. c1800-1910. Sought freedom of expression. Instrumental virtuoso. Berlioz. Liszt. Schubert. Schumann.

Rome. 753BC Legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. 616BC Etruscan. 509BC Roman Republic. 27BC Roman Empire. 248 Empire of the West. 395 Byzantine Empire. 410 Visigoths sack Rome. 476 Romulus Augustulus deposed. 493 Ostrogoth. 535 Byzantine. 774 Charlemagne’s Empire of the West. 962 Holy Roman Empire. 11C Norman. 12C Hohenstaufen. 1848 Republic. 1849 Papal States. 1870 Italy. 1929 -Vatican.

Rosa, Salvator. 1615-73. Italian poet, musician, Baroque painter.

Rossini, Gioacchino. 1792-1868. Italian opera composer: Barber of Seville 1816. William Tell 1829.

Royal Hospital. 1685. Chelsea building by Wren.

Rubicon. Italian river crossed by Caesar to wage war vs Roman Senate 49BC.

Rykov, Aleksey. 1881-1938. Russian Bolshevik leader. Opposed Stalin. Rehabilitated 1988.

Saarinen, Eero. 1910-61. Finnish/US experimental architect. St. Louis Gateway Arch 1948-65.

Sabbatal, Zevi. 1626-76. Jewish mystic. Failed march on Constantinople.

Sabines. Ancient Italian tribe whose women were seized by Romans as wives (legend). 290BC Conquered.

Sacco-Vanzetti Case. 1921-7. Italian/US anarchists convicted and executed despite prejudiced trial.

Sadat, Anwar al-. 1918-81. Egyptian president 1970- Aided Nasser’s 1952 coup. 1977 Addressed Israeli Knesset. Peace with Israel 1979. Camp David. Assassinated.

SALT. US-USSR Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. 1969-79. Agreement 1972. 1979 agreement not ratified by US Senate.

Salvi, Niccolò. 1697-1751. Italian sculptor. Trevi Fountain 1732.

Samnite Wars. 4-3C BC. 3 wars by which Rome conquered central, south Italy.

Sannazzaro, Jacopo. 1456-1530. Italian humanist, poet. Arcadia 1504.

Santos-Dumont, Alberto. 1873-1932. Brazilian aviator in Europe, 1906. Monoplanes 1909.

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