Cartwright, Alexander. “Father of American baseball”. Established rules for modern game.

Caruso, Enrico. 1873-1921. Dramatic Italian tenor.

Cassini, César. 1714-84. Italian/French astronomer, cartographer of France.

Cassini, Giovanni. 1625-1712. Italian astronomer. Movement of moon.

Castiglione. 1796. Napoleonic victory kept Austria out of Italy.

Castiglione, Baldassare. 1478-1529. Italian writer. Ideal court gentleman. Il Cortigiano 1528.

Catalan. Romance language of Andorra, NE Spain, SW France.

Catalonia. Iberians. Colonized by Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage. c200BC Rome. 5C Goths. 712 Moors. c788 Charlemagne. 1137 +Aragon. 1932 Autonomous. 1939 Spain.

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty. 1559. Ended Italian Wars. Italy, Savoy to Spain. Calais to France.

Cathars. 11-14C. Christian Gnostic heretic sect. Albigens. 1030 burned in Italy.

Catherine of Sienna, St. 1347-80. Influential Italian mystic. Patron saint of Italy.

Cavour, Count. 1810-61. Founding editor Il Risorgimento, 1847-. First Prime Minister of united Italy 1852-. Plombieres.

Charybdis. Whirlpool between Italy and Sicily, opposite Scylla.

Chateaubriand. 1768-1848. French Romantic writer: d’Atala 1801. Memoirs d’outre-tombe.

Chaucer, Geoffrey. c1340-1400. English poet. Canterbury Tales, printed 1477.

Cherubini, Luigi. 1760-1842. Italian/French composer. Classical form; French opera.

Chesterton, G.K. 1874-1936. English satirical essayist/novelist: Napoleon of Notting Hill 1904. “Socialism aims to take capital out of the hands of the few and put it into the hands of the fewer-the politicians.”

Chuikov, Vasily. 1900-82. Russian WWII General. Defended Stalingrad.

Cimabue, Giovanni. c1240-1302. Italian painter. Broke from Byzantine to natural style by characterizing individuals. St. John. Pisa Cathedral. Sta Trinita Madonna c1290.

Cimarosa, Dominico. 1749-1801. Italian comic opera composer.

Cinematography. 1889 Edison kinetoscope. 1895 Lumière Cinematographe. 1906 Color. 1928 Talky. 1929 Technicolor.

Cisalpine Republic. 1797-1802. North Italy, created by Napoleon. 1802 Italian Republic. 1805-15 Kingdom of Italy.

Clovis I. 465-511. Salian Frankish king 481-. Conquered N Gaul. Baptized at Reims. Moved capital to Paris in 506. First Merovingian king of France.

Colchester. Pre-Roman Belgic capital. First Roman settlement in Britain.

Collodi, Carlo. 1826-90. Italian writer. Pinocchio.

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