Pasteur, Louis. 1822-95. French microbiologist. Antibiotics. Pasteurization 1864. Rabies virus 1881.

Päts, Konstantin. 1874-1956. Estonian Prime Minister 1921-3,32-3. Dictator 1933-40.

Paul I. 1901-64. Greek king 1947-. Resisted Communism.

Pavia, Battle. 476. Odoacer defeats Romans, ending Western Roman Empire.

Pearse, Patrick. 1879-1916. Irish patriot. Led Easter Rebellion 1916. Executed.

Pearson, Lester. 1897-1972. Canadian Prime Minister 1963-8. UN mediator in Palestine 1948, Suez 1956.

Peel, Robert. 1788-1850. English Prime Minister 1834~46. London police force 1829. Income Tax 1842. Founded Conservative Party. Bank Charter Act. Repealed Corn Laws 1846.

Pendleton Civil Service Act. 1883. US creates merit based civil service system vs Spoils System.

Pentecost. 50th day after Easter. Descent of Holy Spirit on Jesus’ disciples marks beginning of Christian mission.

Perceval, Spencer. 1762-1812. Only British Prime Minister assassinated in office.

Perret, Auguste. 1874-1954. French architect in reinforced concrete. Champs-Élyées Theatre.

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Pétain, Philippe. 1856-1951. Defender at Verdun, 1916. Armistice 1940. Vichy Prime Minister 1940-42. German puppet 1942-4. Life sentence for collaboration after liberation.

Peterloo Massacre. 1819. Peaceful Manchester demonstration for parliamentary reform suppressed by cavalry. 500 casualties. Ultra tories limit freedom of press, assembly.

Philippe Auguste Wall. 1210. First defensive wall around Paris.

Phoenicians. Canaanites. 30-4C BC. Eastern Mediterranean traders from England to Africa. 20C BC Tyre. 15C BC invented alphabet. 814BC Carthage.

Piazzi, Giuseppe. 1746-1826. Italian discoverer of Ceres, first asteroid seen by man 1801.

Piccard, Auguste. 1884-1962. Swiss physicist. Balloon to stratosphere. Bathyscaphe below ocean.

Pickering, Edward. 1846-1919. US pioneer of stellar spectroscopy, photometry.

Pierre de Montreuil. 13 C builder of Notre-Dame Cathedral, architect of Ste-Chapelle, 1248.

Pigalle, Jean-Baptiste. 1714-85. French sculptor. Mercury 1744.

Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536. Catholic uprising in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire against dissolution of monasteries, taxation and inflation.

Pilsudski, Józef. 1867-1935. Polish general, Head of State 1918-22, Prime Minister after coup 1926-. Defended Poland vs Russia 1919-20.

Pisano, Andrea. 1270/90-1348/9. Italian sculptor. Florence Baptistery doors.

Pisano, Nicola. 1220-84. Founded school of sculpture at Pisa. Influenced Renaissance. Pisa Baptistery pulpit 1255-60.

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