Orestes. -476. Roman general. Deposed Nepos for his son, Romulus Augustulus.

Oriental Canon Law. 880. Ecclesiastical laws of Eastern Christian churches.

Orlando, Vittorio. 1860-1952. Italian Prime Minister 1917-19. Versailles negotiator.

Orphic Mysteries. 547BC-. Ascetic Greek cult.

Orthodox Church, Eastern. 1054-. Autonomous Christian churches of Middle East, Eastern Europe, Russia using Byzantine rite. East-West Schism.

Osceola. c1804-38. Seminole leader. Arrested at truce talks.

Ottoman Empire. 1300-1922. Turkish empire in Balkans, Near East, N Africa. Conquered Byzantine Empire. 1402 Destroyed by Tamerlane. 1413 Rebuilt by Mehmed. 1453 Conquered Constantinople. Eastern Question. Mehmed II. Süleiman the Magnificent. Turkey.

Oxford, Provisions of. 1258-66. Reforms barons forced on Henry III. Annulled, modified. Led to Provisions of Westminster, Barons War.

Paasikivi, Juho. 1870-1956. Finnish Prime Minister 1918~46. President 46-56. Appeasement policy to USSR.

Pachomius, St. c290-346. Egypt. Founded first Christian monastery.

Paderewski, Ignacy. 1860-1941. Polish pianist, composer. Prime Minister 1919.

Painlevé, Paul. 1863-1933. French mathematician. Prime Minister 1917,25.

Paleologus. Byzantine dynasty 1259-1453. Ousted crusader kings. Defeated by Turks.

Palme, Olof. 1927-86. Swedish Prime Minister. Assassinated.

Palmerston, Lord. 1784-1865. English Whig Prime Minister 1855~65. Secretary of War 1809-28. Foreign Secretary 1830~51. Crimean War. American Civil War.

Panama. 1501 Bastidas discovers. 1510 Spanish settle. 1821 Gran Colombia. 1930 Colombia. 1903 US aided revolt, Independence. 1903-79 US administered Canal Zone. 1989 US invasion restores elected government.

Pandit, Vijaya. 1900-90. Fought for Indian independence. First woman president of UN General Assembly 1953-4. Nehru’s Sister.

Pankhurst, Emmeline. 1858-1928. English suffragette. Founded Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903.

Papadopoulos, Georgios. 1919-99. Greek Prime Minister 1967-73, President 1973-5 during Reign of Greek Colonels. 1975 Life imprisonment.

Papin, Denis. 1647-1714. French doctor, first utilized steam pressure. Pressure cooker 1679. Piston 1680.

Parks, Rosa. 1913-. US ‘mother’ of Civil Rights Movement. Arrested, 1955, for not relinquishing her seat to a white man. King.

Parsons, Charles. 1854-1931. English inventor of multi-stage steam turbine, 1884.

Parson’s Cause. 1755,58 Salary dispute of Anglican ministers in Virginia based on inflation of tobacco prices.

Pasic, Nikola. 1845-1926. Serbian radical. First Yugoslav Prime Minister 1921-.

Pasternak, Boris. 1890-1960. Russian writer. Dr. Zhivago 1957. (forced to decline).

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