Group of Seven. 1920-74. Canadian Impressionist painters. MacDonald, Harris, Lismer, Varley, Carmichael, Johnston, Jackson. Thomson 1913.

Grünewald, Matthias, St. -1528. German Late Gothic artist. Isenheim altarpiece c1510. Colors influenced Baroque Art.

Guernica. Spanish Basque capital bombed by Germans for Franco, 1937. Euzkadi. Picasso. Spanish Civil War.

Guerra Santa (Holy War). 1848. Unsuccessful Italian revolution. Garibaldi. Mazzini.

Guilds. 11C-. Associations of merchants and craftsmen creating monopolistic protection.

Guinea. Fulani, Malinke, Soussou. 18C Moslem. 1882 French 1958 Independent.

Guinea-Bissau. 1446 Tristao discovers. 16-18C Slave source. 1879 Portuguese Guinea. 1974 Independent.

Guise, Francois, duc de. 1519-63. Massacred Huguenots at Vassy, 1562, starting War of Religion.

Guise, Henri, duc de. 1550-88. Partipated in St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Founded Catholic League 1576. Led revolt against Henry III. Murdered.

Gulistan, Treaty. 1813. Persia cedes Azerbaijan to Russia.

Gurney, Goldsworthy. 1793-1875. British Steam-auto passenger service.

Gustav I. Vasa. 1496-1560. Elected Swedish king 1523-. Defeated Danes, dissolved Kalmar Union.

Gwyn, Nell. 1650-87. English actress. Popular mistress of Charles II 1669-.

Hadrian. 76-138. Roman Emperor 117-. Built wall across England 122-36, Aelius Bridge 134. Rebuilt Greek cities.

Hahn, Otto. 1879-1968. German discoverer of Uranium fission 1938.

Haile Selassie. 1892-1975. Emperor of Ethiopia, 1930~74. Modernized and reformed country. Deposed.

Hales, Stephen. 1677-1761. British. Isolated oxygen 1727. Blood pressure 1726.

Hall, Charles. 1863-1914. US. Aluminum manufacturing process 1886.

Haller, Albrecht von. 1708-77. Swiss anatomist. “Father of experimental physiology”.

Hammarskjold, Dag. 1905-61. Swedish UN Secretary General 1953-.

Hamsun, Knut. 1859-1952. Norwegian modernist writer. Hunger 1890.

Handel, George Frideric. 1685-1759. German/ English composer of oratorio, Italian opera. Peak of polyphonic music. Water Music 1717. Messiah 1741. Music for Royal Fireworks 1749.

Hannibal. 247-182BC. Carthaginian leader. Crossed the Alps with elephants in winter to attack Rome 217BC. St Bernard Pass. Punic Wars.

Hanover, Treaty. 1725. England, France, Prussia oppose Vienna Treaty.

Hansson, Per. 1885-1946. Swedish Prime Minister 1932-. Maintained neutrality in WWII.

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