Pale. Region of a country subject to separate laws or government. 1171-16C part of Ireland subject to English rule. Pale of Settlement 1792-1917, Jews in Russia.

Palissy, Bernard. 1510-89. French potter. Discovered white porcelain.

Palladian. Classical Roman British architecture. 1615-35 and 1715-60. Inigo Jones. Palladio.

Palladium. Sacred image of Athena protecting Troy. Stolen by Odysseus.

Palme, Olof. 1927-86. Swedish Prime Minister. Assassinated.

Pan-African Congress. 1900~45. Promoted interests of blacks worldwide.

Pan-Slavism. 19C Slavic unity movement. Caused Russo-Turkish War 1877.

Panama Canal. 1881-1889. Begun by Lesseps- bankrupt. Completed by US 1904-14. Reed.

Panama Scandal. 1892. Bribery of French Chamber of Deputies discovered re 1888 Lesseps Panama loan. Discredited Clemenceau’s radicals.

Pancras, St. 290-304. Patron saint of children. Martyred at age 14.

Pandit, Vijaya. 1900-90. Fought for Indian independence. First woman president of UN General Assembly 1953-4. Nehru’s Sister.

Panthéon. 1758-89. Paris. Soufflot. Ordered by Louis XV after recovering from illness.

Papin, Denis. 1647-1714. French doctor, first utilized steam pressure. Pressure cooker 1679. Piston 1680.

Paracelsus. 1493-1541. Swiss alchemist, physician. Chemical drugs. Named zinc. Practica 1529. Hypnotism. Great Surgery Book 1536.

Paré, Ambroise. 1510-90. Father of modern surgery. -“I apply the dressing. God heals the wound.” Invented articulating artificial limbs 1540.

Paris, Congress. 1856. Austria, France, Britain, Russia, Ottomans, Sardinia end Crimean War.

Paris School. 1900-30. Bohemian golden age of arts in Montparnasse.

Parnassians. 1867-99. French detached anti-Romantic poetry school. Leconte de Lisle. Sully-Prudhomme. Verlaine. Gautier. Baudelaire.

Parry, William. 1790-1855. English arctic explorer. Failed to find NW Passage.

Passarowitz, Treaty. 1718. Venice cedes Peloponnesus to Ottomans. Ends Turkish War.

Passchendaele, Battle. 1917 Limit of British/Canadian advance WWI, Ypres. 300,000 casualties. 1918 Germans first use of mustard gas.

Passy, Frédéric. 1822-1912. French founder of International League for Permanent Peace 1867. First

Pasternak, Boris. 1890-1960. Russian writer. Dr. Zhivago 1957. (forced to decline).

Patay, Battle. 1429. French rout British. Charles VII crowned. Orléans. Joan of Arc.

Pater, Walter. 1839-94. English critic devoted to ideal. Studies in History of Renaissance. Marcus the Epicurean.

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