Patricians. -287BC. Roman upper class. Plebeians. Nobiles.

Paul I. 1754-1801. Russian Emperor. Reversed reforms, isolated Russia. Assassinated.

Pauli, Wolfgang. 1900-58. Austrian/US physicist. Exclusion Principle 1925. Neutrinos 1931.

Pauling, Linus. 1901-94. US biochemist/peace advocate. Chemical bonding.

Pavlov, Ivan. 1849-1936. Russian physiologist: discovered conditioned response.

Pavlova, Anna. 1849-1931. Russian ballerina.

Pax. Roman goddess of peace.

Pearson, Lester. 1897-1972. Canadian Prime Minister 1963-8. UN mediator in Palestine 1948, Suez 1956.

Peasants’ Crusade. 1096. Led by Walter the Penniless. Annihilated in Anatolia. Inspired First Crusade.

Peasants’ Revolt. 1381. Led by Wat Tyler vs poll tax. Tyler killed by London mayor in king’s presence. Richard II makes concessions but doesn’t follow through.

Pedro II. 1825-91. Last Emperor of Brazil 1831-89. Slavery abolished by Isabel as Princess Regent, 1888, led to overthrow.

Peipus, Battle of Lake. 1242. Russians repel Livonian Knights’ attack on Novgorod.

Peking, Treaty. 1860. China cedes coastal land to Russia.

Peking Man. 350,000BC. Homo Erectus fossil discovered 1927.

Pendleton Civil Service Act. 1883. US creates merit based civil service system vs Spoils System.

Penelope. Faithful wife of Odysseus.

Pentecost. 50th day after Easter. Descent of Holy Spirit on Jesus’ disciples marks beginning of Christian mission.

Pepys, Samuel. 1633-1703. English diarist of 1660-9.

Perceval, Spencer. 1762-1812. Only British Prime Minister assassinated in office.

Pérez Jimenez, Marcos. 1914- Ruthless Venezuelan president. 1952-8. Coup 1948. Convicted of corruption.

Perpetual Alliance. 1291. Association of Swiss Cantons which engendered today’s Confederation.

Persephone. Greek goddess of fertility abducted by Hades.

Peruzzi, Baldassarre. 1481-1536. Italian architect, painter. Palazzo Massimo 1535. Villa Farnesina 1509-21.

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Peter I. The Great. 1672-1725. Czar of Russia. Created navy. Defeated Sweden 1709. Founded St. Petersburg.

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