Metchnikov, Ilya. 1845-1916. Russian zoologist, microbiologist. Discovered phagocytosis 1886.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Mexican Revolution. 1910-24. Successive leaders overthrown. 1917 New Constitution. Diaz. Zapata. Villa.

Meyer, Adolf. 1866-1950. Swiss/US psychiatrist. -“mental hygiene”.

MGB. 1946-53. USSR Secret Police. KGB.

Michael. 1596-1645. Russian czar 1613-. First of Romanov dynasty.

Michelangelo. 1475-1564. Florentine sculptor, painter, architect, poet. Obsessed with reproducing the human form. Pieta 1497. David 1501-4. Sistine Chapel Ceiling 1508-12. Moses 1515. Bound Slave. Medici Tomb 1520. Last Judgement 1534-41. St. Peters cupola 1547.

Michelson, Albert. 1852-1931. Polish/US physicist. With Morley, disproved existence of ether 1887. Measured speed of light.

Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig. 1886-1969. German/US Bauhaus architect. Glass and steel. Glass Skyscraper 1921. -“less is more”.

Mile. 1593. English statute mile based on Roman Mille Passus, 1000 paces.

Mill, John Stuart. 1806-73. English Utilitarian Positivist philosopher. Social as well as political freedom is necessary. Tyranny of the majority. Associationism. Political Economy 1848. On Liberty 1859. Utilitarianism 1863. Women’s Right to Vote 1866.

Millikan, Robert. 1868-1953. US physicist. Charge on electron 1911. Cosmic rays 1925.

Minden, Battle. 1759. Prussia and Britain defeat French. Seven Years War.

Minerva. Roman goddess of wisdom and arts = Athena.

Minimalism. 1960s. US movement of simplified non-expressive art. Kelly. Stella.

Mir. 17C-1906. Russian system of communal landholding and taxation. Serfdom abolished 1861.

Mirabeau, Comte de. 1749-91. French revolutionary writer. Physiocrat. Dominated National Assembly 1789-.

Mississippi Scheme. 1717-20. Law’s attempt to develop Louisiana. Speculation led to financial disaster.

Missouri Comromise. 1820-54. Simultaneous admission to US of Maine, Missouri, maintaining balance of free, slave states.

Mistral, Frédéric. 1830-1914. French Provençale revival poet. Mirèi 1859. Félibrige 1878.

Mnemosyne. Greek goddess of memory. Muses’ mother by Zeus.

Moissan, Henri. 1852-1907. French. Isolated flourine 1886. Electric furnace 1897.

Moldavia (former). 14C Vlachs establish. 1349 Independent. 14C +Bessarabia. 16C Autonomous/Ottoman. 1774 Russian protectorate. 1774 -Bessarabia. 1859 +Walachia =Romania. 1940 Part ceded to MSSR.

Moldova. 1924. Bessarabia + part of former Moldavia. 1940 Moldavian SSR. 1991 Independent Republic. CIS.

Moltke, Helmuth von. 1800-91. Chief of Staff of Prussian army 1857-70, German 1870-88.

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