Mommsen, Theodor. 1817-1903. German historian. History of Rome 1854.

Monet, Claude. 1840-1926. Originator of Impressionist open-air painting direct from nature. Impression Sunrise 1872. Nymphéas 1906-26.

Mongol Empire. Asia. Established 1207 by Genghis Khan. Peak included Persia, China, Russia. 1260- Fragmented. Yuan. Golden Horde. Tamerlane.

Monmouth’s Rebellion. 1685. vs James II at Sedgemoor. Unsuccessful.

Monroe, James. 1758-1831. US President 1817-25. Florida acquired 1819. Missouri Compromise. Monroe Doctrine.

Montaigne, Michel de. 1533-92. French sceptical humanist essayist. On Humanism 1580.

Montecassino. 529. Oldest Benedictine Monastery.

Montespan, Mme de. 1641-1707. Mistress of Louis XIV, 1667-80. Poisons Affair.

Montessori, Maria. 1870-1952. Italian educator. System based on spontaneity and self motivation 1907.

Montez, Lola. 1818-61. Irish dancer. Mistress of Louis I of Bavaria. Power resented, leading to March Revolution 1848. Banished.

Montpensier, Louise, Duchesse de. 1627-93. French princess. Led rebels in Fronde 1652.

Moore, George. 1852-1933. Irish novelist. Confessions of a Young Man 1888. Esther Waters 1894.

Morat, Battle. 1476. Swiss defeat Burgundy.

Moravian Church. Unitas Fratrum. 1457-. Protestant Hussite sect. 1467 Split from Utraquists. 18C German Pietist revival.

Moray, James Stuart, Earl of. c1531-70. Scottish Regent 1567-. Promoted Reformation after Mary’s abdication.

Morgan, Thomas. 1866-1945. US embryologist. Chromosome theory. Drosophilia genetics, 1910.

Morgarten, Battle. 1315. Swiss defeat Hapsburgs.

Morris, William. 1834-96. English poet, craftsman opposed to 19C ugliness and social inequality. Founder of Socialist League. Wallpaper, fabrics 1861.

Mortimer’s Cross, Battle. 1461. Yorks defeat Lancastrians. Edward IV declares himself king.

Moscow Declaration. 1943 Allies declare need for International peacekeeping organization...UN. 1956 Officially ends WWII between USSR and Japan.

Moscow Treaty. 1920 Baltic Liberation. 1921 Turkish frontiers. 1970 W Germany, USSR renounce force.

Mother Goose. Perrault. Contes de ma mère l’oye 1697. From an old French expression = “old wives’ tales”....Mother Goose’s Melody 1781.

Motherwell, Robert. 1915-91. US Abstract Expressionist painter. Created New York school. Elegy to the Spanish Republic 1949-59.

Mountain Meadows Massacre. 1857. Paiute Indians and Utah Mormons kill 137 Arkansas emigrants en route to California.

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. 1756-91. Viennese Classical composer. European tour at age 6. Seemingly effortless compositions of symmetry and melody with emotional feeling. Marriage of Figaro 1786. Don Juan 1787. Magic Flute 1791.

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