Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Manson, Patrick. 1844-1922. Scottish parasitologist. Associated malaria with mosquito, 1894.

Mantegna, Andrea. 1431-1506. Mantuan. First Renaissance painter. Frescoes.

Mantuan Succession, War. 1628-31. French fight Hapsburgs over Mantua in 30 Years War.

Manzoni, Alessandro. 1785-1873. Italian Romatic writer. The Betrothed 1825-7.

Mar, John, Earl of. 1675-1732. Led unsuccessful Jacobite Rebellion, 1715.

Marbury vs Madison. 1803. First US Supreme court ruling an Act of Congress unconstitutional. Marshall.

Marcel, Étienne. 1316-58. French draper who led unsuccessful Paris revolt vs Dauphin Charles V, 1355-8, while John II captured by English. Assassinated.

March on Rome. 1922. Mussolini’s planned Fascist insurrection. Facta resigned.

Marconi, Guglielmo. 1874-1937. Italian physicist. First transatlantic radio reception 1901.

Marcuse, Herbert. 1898-1979. German/US radical philosopher. Revolutionary change vs repressive society. One Dimensional Man 1964.

Maria Theresa. 1717-80. Hapsburg Empress of Austria-Hungary 1740-. War of Austrian Succession.

Marie de Medici. 1573-1642. Queen consort to Henry IV, mother of Louis XIII. Regent 1610-14. Built Luxembourg Palace. Opposed Richelieu. Banished 1630. Died penniless.

Marie Louise. 1791-1847. Daughter of Francis II. Married Napoleon...Empress of France 1810-15.

Marignano, Battle. 1515. French defeat Swiss mercenaries, conquer Milan.

Mariotte, Edme. 1620-84. French physicist. Law of compressibility of gases 1676, =Boyle’s Law.

Markiewicz, Countess. 1876-1927. Irish Nationalist. First woman elected to British Parliament, 1918.

Mark’s, St. 902-1484. Venice church and campanile.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Maronite. Syrian Roman Catholic Church. 7C Settled Lebanon. 1182- Under Vatican. 1860 Druze massacre Maronites. 1920 Lebanon. Phalangists.

Marquess. (Marquis). Second rank of British peerage.

Marquette, Jacques. 1637-75. French explorer of Mississippi, 1673. Joliet.

Married Women’s Property Act. 1882. UK. Abolished women’s property passing automatically to husband on marriage.

Marshal. Highest military rank in Britain, France, Germany, Russia, China.

Marshall, George. 1880-1959. US general. Marshall Plan.

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