Martello Towers. 1804. Swiss designed defensive towers on English coast against Napoleon.

Martov, L. 1873-1923. Russian Menshevik leader.

Marvell, Andrew. 1621-78. English satirical poet. To His Coy Mistress. Poems on Affairs of State 1689.

Mary of Burgundy. 1457-82. Duchess. Marriage to Maximilian I gave Netherlands to Hapsburgs.

Massachussets Bay Co. 1620-84. English charter company established Theocracy in Mass. Charter annulled 1684. Plymouth Colony.

Massasoit. c1580-1661. American Indian chief, friend of Massachussets colonists.

Massenet, Jules. 1842-1912. French opera composer. Manon. Le Cid 1885.

Massey, Vincent. 1887-1967. First Canadian-born Governor-General of Canada 1952-9.

Matisse, Henri. 1869-1954. French painter in Fauvist style. Coined “cubism” 1908. Red Studio 1911.

Matteotti Crisis. 1924. Italian Fascists kill Socialist, Matteotti for denouncing them. Aventine Secession.

Matthias, St. Replaced Judas as one of 12 Apostles.

Maupassant, Guy de. 1850-93. French short story writer: Boule de Suif 1880.

Maupeou, René. 1714-92. French chancellor dissolved Parlement 1771, creating absolute rule.

Mauriac, François. 1885-1970. French Roman Catholic author of sombre novels. Thérèse 1927.

Maurice of Nassau. 1567-1625. Prince of Orange 1618-. Dutch military leader. Fought Spanish 1590s.

Mausolus. Persian Satrap c377-353BC. Tomb at Halicarnassus was one of Seven Wonders.

Maximilian II. 1811-64. Bavarian king 1848-. Tried to create a Bavarian-led alliance. Opposed by Prussia, Austria.

May Demonstrations. 1968 Paris student uprising for more money to education, less to defence. General Strike brought 33% increase in minimum wage.

Mayakovsky, Vladimir. 1893-1930. Russian Revolution poet. Backbone Flute 1915. Cloud in Trousers 1915.

Mayflower. 1620. Pilgrims’ ship to Massachussets.

Mazepa, Ivan. 1644-1709. Cossack. Fought for Ukraine independence from Poland.

Mazurian Lakes, Battles. 1914,15. 325,000 Russian casualties by Germany.

Mboya, Tom. 1930-69. Kenyan Nationalist leader. Assassinated.

McClure, Robert. 1807-73. British naval commander. First Northwest Passage crossing by boat and sledge 1853-4.

McKinley, William. 1843-1901. US President 1897-. Spanish American War. Gained Hawaii. Assassinated by anarchist.

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