Murad I. 1326-89. Ottoman sultan 1360-. Extended empire. Founded Janissaries.

Murasaki Shikibu. c978-1014. Japanese court lady, writer. Tales of the Genji 1001-5.

Mursa, Battle. 351. Roman civil wars. Rebel Magnentius defeated by Constantius II. 54,000 dead.

Muses. Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne that preside over the areas of knowledge: Calliope-epics, Clio-history, Erato-love poems, Thalia-comedy, Melpomene- tragedy, Terpsichore-dance, Euterpe-music, Polyhymnia-sacred poems, Urania-astronomy.

Murphy, Gerald and Sara. 1920-33 US expatriates in Paris, Antibes. Parties, salons for artists and writers. Models for Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night.

Musset, Alfred. 1810-57. French poet. Sand lover. Confession.

My Lai Massacre. 1968. US troops kill all residents of Vietnamese village. Calley.

Myrmidons. Mythical Thessaly tribe led by Achilles.

Nabopolassar. Babylonian king 625-605BC. Founded Chaldean Empire.

Nader, Ralph. 1934-. US pioneer consumer advocate. Unsafe at Any Speed 1965.

Nagano, Osami. 1880-1947. Japanese admiral. Attacked Pearl Harbor.

Nagasaki. Japanese city destroyed by 2nd A-bomb, Aug 9, 1945.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

Narodniki. 19C Russian Socialist movement advocating land for peasants. Assassinated Alexander II. Populism.

Narvaez, Ramon. 1800-68. Spanish general supporting Isabella II vs Carlists. Prime Minister 1844-66.

NASA. 1958-. US space agency.

Nashe, Thomas. 1567-1601. English anti-Puritan satirist, imprisoned on Isle of Dogs with Jonson.

Nassau. German family which controlled the Rhine from 12C. One branch was House of Orange.

Nassau Agreement. 1962. US-British agreement on Polaris missiles for Royal Navy caused DeGaulle to veto British entry to EEC.

Nation, Carry. 1846-1911. US temperance crusader 1890-. Smashed saloons with hatchet.

Nationalization. Siezing of private enterprises by government with or without compensation. 1946-9 England: Banks, Railways, Mines, Steel, Electricity, Gas. 1946-9 France: Coal, Electricity, Gas, Transport. 1918 Russia: Banks, Insurance, Industry. 1951 Iran: Oil.

Navas de Tolosa, Battle. 1212. Spanish defeat Almohads.

Neapolitan. 17-18 C School of Music. Elegant, stylized opera, often weak in drama. Scarlatti.

Nebuchadnezzar II. c638-562BC. King of Babylon. 586 Destroyed Jerusalem and Temple. Babylonian Captivity. Built Hanging Gardens.

Necho. -595BC. Egyptian pharaoh 610-. Aided Assyria vs Babylonians. Expedition sailed around Africa.

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