Necker, Jacques. 1732-1804. Swiss Finance Minister of France before the Revolution. Compte Rendu 1781. Called Estates General leading to French Revolution. Dismissal led to riots.

Nehemiah. Judaea governor. Rebuilt walls of Jerusalem 444BC.

Neorealism, Italian. 1920-60. Literary movement supressed by Fascists. Moving autobiographical accounts of the war years. Quasimodo.

Netherlands, Austrian. 1714-94.

Neumann, Balthasar. 1687-1753. German Baroque architect. Residenz in Würzburg 1719-44.

Newton, Isaac. 1643-1727. English physicist. Calculus 1666. Reflecting telescope 1668. Binomial Theorem. 1676. Tides 1683. Law of Gravity and Acceleration 1684. Decomposition of light.Principia Mathematica 1687. Speed of sound 1698.Opticks 1704.

Nicaragua. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1523 Spanish settle. 1821 Mexican Empire. 1826 CAF. 1839 Independent. Sandinistas.

Nicholas, St. 4C. Patron Saint of children, sailors, Russia.

Nicholas of Cusa. 1401-64. German. Proposed heliocentricity, calendar reform 1429. De Docta Ignorantia 1440. “A learned man is one who is aware of his own ignorance.”

Nicopolis, Battle. 1396. Turks crushed Crusaders. Ended European opposition to Ottoman expansion into Balkans.

Nigeria. c5C BC Nok. c12C Yoruba(SW). 13C Hausa(N)/Kanem-Bornu/Ibo(E). 15C Portugal reach. Slave source. 1851 British colony. 1884 British protectorate. 1960 Independent. 1963 Republic. 1993-98 Abacha military dictatorship. Biafra.

Nixon, Richard. 1913-94. US president 1969-74. Hiss investigation. Checkers. China relations. Vietnam cease-fire. Watergate. Pardoned.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

Noguchi, Isamu. 1904-88. Japanese/US abstract sculptor. UNESCO Garden, Paris 1958.

Noncooperation Movement. 1920-22. Ghandi’s non-violent protest in India. Amritsar Massacre.

Nordenskjöld, Erik. 1832-1901. Sweden. First successful navigation of North-East passage 1878-9.

Normandy Invasion. 1944. Eisenhower’s D-Day assault of Allies on German-occupied France. WWII turning point.

Normans. 9C. Norsemen who settled in northern France, Sicily, Naples, Albania, Thessaloniki.

Northumbria. Anglo-Saxon kingdom. c605 Bernicia + Deira = Northumbria. 9C Danish. 944 +England.

Northwest Passage. Attempts 1497- to find a sea route around Canada to Asia. Amundsen succeeded 1903-6. McClure 1853.

Northwest Rebellion. 1885. Saskachewan natives and Métis for land rights. Defeated. Riél.

Norton, Thomas. 1532-84. First English tragedy with Sackville, in blank-verse. Gorboduc 1561.

Notables, Assembly. French deputies of states appointed by king.

Novara. 1513. Swiss defeat French. 1849. Austrians defeat Sardinians.

Nufer, Jacob. c1500. First successful Caesarian section on living mother.

628 more results ...