Capek, Karel. 1890-1938. Czech playwright. Rossum’s Universal Robots. -coined term 1920.

Capital Punishment. Abolished: 1863 Venezuela; 1870 Netherlands; 1877 Costa Rica; 1949 Germany; 1965 Britain; 1969 Vatican City; 1972 US (reinstated 1976); 1976 Canada; 1981 France; (96 countries). Retained: Iran, Iraq, N Korea, USA (95 countries).

Caporetto, Battle. 1917. Disastrous Italian loss vs Austria and Germany.

Capua. (Ancient) c600BC Etruria. c440BC Samnites. 338BC Rome. 216BC Hannibal. 211BC Rome. 456 Vandals. c840 Saracens destroy. Rebuilt as Sta Maria Capua Vetere.

Caravaggist School of Painting. Themes of courtesan, cheaters. e.g. George de la Tour.

Carlists. 1820-1937. Supporters, especially Basque, of Don Carlos’ claims vs Isabella under Salic Law.

Carnot, Sadi. 1796-1832. French discoverer of reversibility of heat and work.

Carnot, Sadi. 1837-94. President of the Third French Republic, 1887-. Assassinated.

Cartwright, John. 1740-1824. English reformer for universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery.

Casablanca, Conference. 1943. Allies agree to fight Axis and Japan to unconditional surrender.

Casals, Pablo. 1876-1973. Spanish cellist/conductor.

Casanova, Giovanni. 1725-98. Venetian womanizer, famous for his amorous adventures. Memoirs 1787.

Casca, Publius. c42BC. An assassin of Julius Caesar.

Cassander. c354-297BC. Macedonian King. Fought for control after Alexander’s death. Diadochi.

Cassandra. Daughter of Priam, with gift of prophecy, but curse of never being believed.

Cassini, César. 1714-84. Italian/French astronomer, cartographer of France.

Cassius, Gaius. c42BC. Led assassination of Julius Caesar. Suicide.

Cassivellaunus. English king def by J Caesar, 54BC.

Castiglione, Baldassare. 1478-1529. Italian writer. Ideal court gentleman. Il Cortigiano 1528.

Castor and Pollux. Greek twin dieties. Patrons of sailors.

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty. 1559. Ended Italian Wars. Italy, Savoy to Spain. Calais to France.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Catherine of Sienna, St. 1347-80. Influential Italian mystic. Patron saint of Italy.

Cato St. Conspiracy. 1820. Thistlewood plot to assassinate cabinet ministers.

Cavalier, Jean. 1681-1740. Led Camisards 1702-4.

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