Cavaliers. Royalist partisans in English Civil War.

Cavour, Count. 1810-61. Founding editor Il Risorgimento, 1847-. First Prime Minister of united Italy 1852-. Plombieres.

Cecilia, St. 2-3C. Patron saint of music.

Cellini, Benvenuto. 1500-71. Florentine Mannerist sculptor, goldsmith. Saltcellar of Francis I 1543. Autobiography 1561.

Celsius, Anders. 1701-44. Swedish physicist: centigrade temperature scale 1742.

Central America Federation. 1823-40. Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica.

Cerceau, Jacques Androuet du. c1520-85. Optical Views 1551, treatise on architectural perspective.

Chad. 7C Sao. 11C Kanem. 14-16C Kanem, Bornu dispute...16C Bornu. 1808 Hausa. 1897 French protectorate. 1910 French colony «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent republic.

Chaldean Empire. 625-538BC. Last Babylonian Empire. Conquered by Persia. Nabopolassar.

Chambres Ardentes. 1535-1682. French courts. Tried nobles, heretics.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Chanak Crisis. 1922. British fear Turkish threat to Dardanelles. Lausanne Peace, 1923.

Charles VI, the Well-beloved. 1368-1422. King of France 1380-. Insanity led to Civil War. Berry.

Charles VII, the Well-served. 1403-61. King of France 1422-. Joan of Arc. Arras Treaty. Pragmatic Sanction.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles Emmanuel I. 1562-1630. Duke of Savoy. Last attack vs Geneva, 1602. Escalade.

Charles the Bold. 1433-77. Duke of Burgundy. Adversary of Louis XI.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Chase, Salmon. 1808-73. US. Founded Republican Party. National banking system.

Chernobyl. 1986. Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster.

Chester, Battle. 613. Welsh vs Saxons.

Chesterton, G.K. 1874-1936. English satirical essayist/novelist: Napoleon of Notting Hill 1904. “Socialism aims to take capital out of the hands of the few and put it into the hands of the fewer-the politicians.”

Chillon Castle. 900-1200. Mostly built by Peter II of Savoy. Subject of Byron poem.

Cholula, Massacre. 1519. Cortes razes Mexican town; 3000 dead.

Chopin, Fréderic. 1810-49. Polish/French composer of emotional expressiveness and pianist of great technical ability. Sand.

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