Pinkerton, Allan. 1819-84. Scottish/US founder first US detective agency 1850. Foiled plot vs Lincoln 1861.

Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto. 1915-. Chilean President 1973-90. Coup vs Allende. Brutal dictatorship, torture and disappearances. Charged 1998.

Piraeus. 5C BC-. Athenian port.

Pirandello, Luigi. 1867-1936. Italian dramatist:Six Characters in Search of an Author 1921.

Piranesi, Giambattista. 1720-78. Italian architect and engraver. Views of Rome 1740s.

Pisano, Giovanni. c1254-1314. Italian Gothic sculptor, son of Nicola Perouse Fountain 1278. Pistoia Cathedral pulpit 1301. PIsa Cathedral pulpit 1302-10.

Pius IX. 1792-1878. Pope 1846-. Longest reign. Defined Immaculate Conception 1854 Papal Infallibility. Syllabus Errorum 1864 criticized Liberalism.

Pius XII. Pope 1939-58. Proclaimed neutrality in WWII.

Pizarro, Francisco. ~1475-1541. Spanish conqueror of Incas in Peru 1531-3. Founded Lima 1535.

Place, Francis. 1771-1854. Fought Combination Act, 1822. Advocated birth control, 1827.

Place de Grève. -1830 Meeting place for Paris unemployed in Middle Ages.

Plain. Moderate party in French Revolution. Montagnards.

Plains of Abraham, Battle. 1759. British defeat French, capture Quebec. New France falls. Wolfe, Montcalm killed.

Plata, La. 1776-1910. Spanish viceroyalty in South America. Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Plateresque. 16C Spanish architectural style. Intricate, heavy ornamentation.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Pleiad. c280BC Alexandrian tragic poets.

Pléiade, La. 16C. French Renaissance poets, aimed to enrich French language. Ronsard, Bellay, Belleau, Jodelle, Dorat, Baïf, Tyard.

Pliny the Elder. 23-79. Roman naturalist. Died investigating Vesuvius eruption.Historia Naturalis.

PLO. Palestine Liberation Organization.

Plombières Agreement. 1858. Napoleon III agrees to support Cavour (Piedmont) vs Austria in return for Savoy and Nice.

Plutarch. c50-119+. Greek/Roman biographer and moralist. Influenced Rousseau. Parallel Lives.

Pobedonostev, Konstantin. 1827-1907. Russian. professor, tutor to Alexander III, Nicholas II. Pro-autocracy. “Parliaments are the great lie of our time.”

Poe, Edgar Allan. 1809-49. US poet and horror story writer: Tales of the Grotesque 1840. Murders in the Rue Morgue 1841. The Raven 1845.

Pogrom. Attack on minority, usually Jews, sanctioned by government. 1881~1906 Russia. 1261 London. Poland, Germany during Hitler regime.

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