Gilbert, William. 1540-1603. English scientist. Earth’s magnetic field, 1600. Coined term ’electricity’.

Gilded Age. Post American Civil War period of materialism, questionable ethics. Named by Mark Twain.

Girardon, François. 1628-1715. French Baroque sculptor. Tomb of Richelieu 1675-7.

Girondins. 1791-3 Moderate French republicans. Tried to save king’s life. Most executed. Danton.

Giscard d’Éstaing, Valéry. 1926-. French UDF President 1974-81.

Glasnost. Openness. Gorbachev’s policy to promote freedom of expression, reduce secrecy.

Globe Theatre. 1599-1644. Venue for Shakespeare’s plays, London.

Gloire. 1859. French. World’s first armour-plated vessel.

Gobineau, Joseph. 1816-82. Rationalized anti-semitism and Aryan supremacy. Essay on Inequality of Human Races 1353-5.

God’s Truce. 1027-13C. Hostilities suspended on Holy days.

Goddard, Robert. 1882-1945. US “father of modern rocketry”.

Goebbels, Joseph. 1897-1945. Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda 1933-. Suicide.

Goethe, Johann. 1749-1832. German writer: Meister’s Apprenticeship 1796. Faust 1808-32. Memories 1809. Sturm und Drang.

Golden Age. Peaceful period of man’s innocence. Greek equivalent of Eden.

Golden Bull. 1222. Hungary. Limited king’s powers.

Golden Fleece. Greek myth. Chrysomallus’ fleece taken by Jason.

Golden Hind. Drake’s flagship; only one to finish circumnavigation.

Golden House. 65. Nero’s huge Roman palace.

Goldsmith, Oliver. 1730-74. Irish Writer: Vicar of Wakefield 1766; She Stoops to Conquer 1773.

Goncalves Dias, Antonio. 1823-64. Romantic “National” poet of Brazil.

Goodman, Benny. 1909-86. US clarinetist/ bandleader. “King of Swing”.

Gorgias. c400BC. Sophist. “Making the losing cause the winning one.”

Gran Colombia. 1819-30. Bolivar’s independent republic of former Spanish colonies. Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador. New Granada.

Granados, Enrique. 1867-1916. Spanish Nationalist composer. 7 Operas. Set of Tonadillas. Dances. Goyescas 1911-13.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

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