Grand Canal. 4C BC-1400. China. World’s longest, 1,000 miles.

Grande Armée. 1805-12. Napoleon’s 1,000,000 man army; combined smaller armies for central control.

Grands-Augustins, Quai de. 1313. Oldest quay in Paris, by Philip the Fair.

Grands Rhétoriqueurs. 15-16C. French poets. Deschamps, DeMachaut.

Granger Movement. 19C. US farmers’ co-ops, political lobbies.

Granicus, Battle. 334BC. Alexander’s First victory; defeats Darius III of Persia.

Grattan, Henry. 1746-1820. Irish independence leader. Irish Parliament 1782. Poyning’s Law repeal movement.

Great Fear. 1789. Peasants refuse to pay taxes, prepare for aristocrats’ attack in rural France.

Greek Project. 1782. Abandoned plan of Catherine the Great to conquer Ottoman Empire.

Greeley, Horace. 1811-72. US founder of New Yorker, NY Tribune. Slavery critic. -“Go west, young man!”

Green, Hetty. 1835-1916. US miser. World’s richest woman.

Green Mountain Boys. 1770. Ethan Allen’s Vermont militia in American Revolution.

Greene, Graham. 1904-91. English cinematic thriller writer: Man Within 1929. Power and the Glory 1940. Third Man 1949. Quiet American 1955.

Gregory IX. -1241. Pope 1227-. Organized Inquisition 1231.

Gresham, Thomas. 1519-79. English founder of Stock Exchange 1560. Gresham’s Law-“Bad money drives out good” (mistakenly attributed).

Grey, Lady Jane. 1537-54. English Queen for 9 days, 1553. Executed.

Grieg, Edvard. 1843-1907. Norwegian “miniaturist” composer: Peer Gynt 1875. Gentle and appealing music.

Gringo. 1847. Mexican pejorative for American. From “Green grow the rushes, oh”, sung during Mexican War.

Griquas. Bastards. 19C Tribe of Hottentot-Boer half-castes.

Gros, Antoine. 1771-1835. French painter of Napoleon’s military career.

Grünewald, Matthias, St. -1528. German Late Gothic artist. Isenheim altarpiece c1510. Colors influenced Baroque Art.

Guernica. Spanish Basque capital bombed by Germans for Franco, 1937. Euzkadi. Picasso. Spanish Civil War.

Guesclin, Bertrand du. c1320-80. French military leader, 100 Years’ War. Expelled English from France.

Guido d’Arezzo. c990-1050. Italian Benedictine monk. Invented musical staff.

Guise, Charles de. 1524-74. Cardinal. Brought Inquisition to France.

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