Gallic Wars. 58-51BC. Julius Caesar conquers Gauls, last independent Celts on continent.

Gallican Confession. 1559. French Calvinists’ statement of faith.

Gallon. 1707 Queen Anne’s wine gallon=US gallon (231 cubic inches). 1824 Imperial gallon defined as 10 pounds of water.

Galvani, Luigi. 1737-98. Italian physiologist. Electrical stimulation of frog’s legs 1780.

Gang of Four. Chinese leaders, including Mao’s widow, convicted 1980 of Cultural Revolution abuses.

Garibaldi, Giusseppe. 1807-82. Led “Red Shirts” in Italian Risorgimento. Captured Naples 1860.

Garnier, Franis. 1839-73. French sailor, conquered Tonkin.

Garter, Order of. c1348. First Order of British Knighthood. Founded by Edward III. “Honi soit qui mal y pense”. Shame on him who thinks evil of it.

Gaullists. 1947-76. Supporters of DeGaulle’s programs. 1976. RPR.

Gautier, Théophile. 1811-72. French poet. -“Art for art’s sake”. Mlle de Maupin 1835.

Gay, John. 1685-1732. English dramatist. Beggar’s Opera 1728.

Gaza Strip. Between Egypt, Israel. 1948- Egypt. 1956 Israel occupies. 1957 UN admin. 1967 Israel conq. 1979 “Autonomy” by Camp David Accord. 1993 Palestine.

Generation of ’98. Introspective Spanish intellectual movement 1898-.

Genoa. Ligurian. 3C BC Rome...Byzantine. 641 Lombard. 12C Republic. 13C Empire. 14-15C Decline. 1797 France 1814 «Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Genoa, Conference. 1922. European and Commonwealth nations can’t agree on methods to rebuild Russia. France insists on loan repayment.

Gentlemen’s Agreement. 1907. US-Japan. Restricted emigration and discrimination. 1937. British-Italian agreement on Mediterranean. Appeasement.

Geoffrey Plantagenet. 1113-51. Count of Anjou. Conquered Normandy for his son Henry II.

George III. 1738-1820. King of Great Britain and Ireland 1760-. Supported King’s Friends. Political instability. American Revolution. Insane 1810-.

George of Podebrady. 1420-71. Utraquist leader. Bohemian king 1458-.

George’s Day Revolt, St. 1343-5. Estonians vs Danes. Suppressed by Teutonic Knights who bought Estonia from Denmark.

German Democratic Republic. (GDR). 1949-90. East Germany. People’s Republic in Soviet mould. COMECON. Warsaw Pact. 1990 Germany.

Gestapo. 1933-45. Hitler’s internal secret police under Goering.

Gettysburg. 1863. Lincoln’s address given to dedicate Civil War cemetery. “Four score and seven years ago...Government of the people, by the people, for the people”.

Ghazigi. “Warriors of the faith”. Ottoman military before Janissaries.

Gibbon, Grinling. 1648-1720. English woodcarver on Wren’s buildings. St. Paul’s. Blenheim.

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