Augereau, Pierre. 1757-1816. Marshal under the Napoleonic Empire.

Austerlitz, Battle. Moravia. Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians, Dec 2, 1805. Peace with Austria.

Austrasia. 511-751. East Frankish kingdom. Part of Merovingian Empire. 7C Mayors of Palace held power. Carolingian Empire. Clovis. Neustria.

Axis Pact. 1936-45. German-Italian Agreement, 1936. Cooperative alliance maintained through WWII. Allied with Spain, 1939; Japan, 1936. Yugoslavia 1941. Tripartite Pact.

Ba’ath. 1943-. Pan-Arab Socialist unity party.

Bacon, Francis. 1561-1626. English chancellor and philosopher. First king’s counsel. Favoured inductive over deductive reasoning. Separated Science from religion. New Atlantis 1625. B. Scientific method: Novum Organum 1620. Essays 1625.

Baïf, Jean Antoine de. 1532-89. French Pléiade poet. New metrical forms. Founded Academy of Music and Poetry 1571, in Paris.

Bailly, Jean. 1736-93. French astronomer. Paris mayor, 1789-91. Led Tennis Court Oath. Guillotined.

Ballot Act. 1872. Established secret ballot in English Parliamentary elections.

Baltimore Incident. 1891. Chileans attack US seamen; pay reparations to avert war.

Banville, Théodore de. 1823-91. French Parnassian poet. Early Symbolist. Odes funambulesques 1857.

Barebones Parliament. 1653. Cromwell’s Nominated Puritan Parliament. Named for MP, Praise-God Barbon.

Barricades, Day of the. 1588. Paris. Catholic League rebels vs Henry III.

Barry, Charles. 1795-1860. English architect: Westminster Parliament 1840. Trafalgar Square 1840-3.

Bassano. 1796. Victory of Napoleon over the Austrians.

Bastille. 1370. Paris fortified residence for Charles V, became a state prison, arsenal 1397. Stormed July 14, 1789. Symbolic overthrow of monarch’s power. Lettres de Cachet.

Bateau-Lavoir. 1900. Paris birthplace of cubism (Picasso, Braque) and modern poetry (Jacob, Apollinaire, Orlan). Desmoiselles d’Avignon.

Bautzen, Battle. 1813. Napoleon defeats Prussians.

Baylen, Battle. 1808. Spanish mob defeats French army, humiliating Napoleon.

Bebel, August. 1840-1913. Founder of German Social Democrat Party.

Belle Epoque. 1885-1900. Time of flourishing arts and entertainment in Paris. Moulin Rouge.

Bengal Partition. 1905-11. Split for administrative ease. Creates nationalistic opposition.

Berlin Decree. 1806. Napoleon announces Continental System blockading Britain.

Bernard of Chartres. -c1130. French Neoplatonic Idealist philosopher. Real world of eternal ideas vs apparent world of material objects.

Bevan, Aneurin. 1897-1960. British Socialist MP 1929-60. Architect of National Health Service, 1948.

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