Lepidus, Marcus. -c77BC. Roman consul. Opposed Sulla’s reforms, 78. Defeated by Pompey in Etruria.

Leucippus. -440BC. Greek philosopher. Atomism. “Nothing occurs at random”.

Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien. 1857-1939. French philosopher. Primitive Mentality 1923.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

Liberty Affair. 1768. British sieze Hancock’s sloop ’Liberty’ smuggling wine to Boston.

Libraries. 1700BC Chaldean. 540BC Athens. 284BC Alexandria. 167 Rome. 355 Constantinople. 1446 Vatican. 1520 Paris. 1757 British Museum. 1598 Oxford Bodleian. 1653 Manchester, First free public. 1800 US Library of Congress.

Lichtenstein, Roy. 1923-97. New York Pop ‘comic strip’ artist. Whaam! 1963.

Ligures. 1000BC People of S. France.

Lindbergh, Charles. 1902-74. US aviator: first solo non-stop flight across Atlantic, 1927.

Linnaeus, Carolus. 1707-78. Swedish botanist. Created Latin genus/species naming convention. Systema Naturae 1735. Philosophia Botanica 1751. Classified Homo Sapiens 1766.

Lippershey, Hans. 1570-1619. Dutch. First telescope, 1608.

Littré, Paul-Émile. 1801-81. French positivist philosopher. Dictionary of the French Language 1863-73.

Lloyd Webber, Andrew. 1948-. British composer of popular musicals. Jesus Christ, Superstar 1971. Evita 1978. Cats 1981. Phantom of the Opera.

Llull, Raimon. 1235-1316. Catalan Neoplatonic Idealist mystic poet, alchemist. Tried to convert Moslems. Felix 1288.

Locarno Pact. 1925. Non-aggression treaty in Europe. Germany, France, Belgium, et al. Broken when Hitler occupied Rhineland,1936.

Locke, John. 1632-1704. English philosopher. Empiricism-all knowledge is derived from experience: On Civil Government 1689. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690. ‘Sound mind in a sound body’. Evil brings pain, Good brings pleasure. Advocated separation of legislature from executive, as applied in Britain and US. Natural rights (property, pursuit of happiness, religion) influenced US Constitution, led to Enlightenment. Philosophical basis of French and American Revolutions. Epistemological foundations of modern Science.

Locofoco Party. 1835-8. US anti-monopoly Democratic Party faction.

LogicalPositivism. 1920s. Philosophy. Only experimentally verifiable scientific truth counts. Vienna Circle. Wittgenstein.

Lombard, Peter. 1100-1160. Italian bishop. Book of Sentences.

Lombardo, Pietro. 1435-1515. Antonio 1458-1516. Tullio 1455-1532. Italian architects and sculptors. Dante’s tomb 1485. Doge’s Palace 1498.

Lombards. Germanic people. 568 invaded Italy. 808 Jews formed banking system. 14C Commercial banks.

Lomé Convention. 1975. 46 third World Countries gain free access to EEC. 1979 $7B aid from EEC to developing countries.

London Declaration. 1909. Proposed rules for naval warfare. Not ratified.

Longinus. 213-273. Greek philosopher. Advised Zenobia to revolt vs Rome. Executed.

López de Legazpi, Miguel. -1572. Spanish explorer. Conquered Philippines, 1564.

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