Corpus Juris Civilis. Developed 529-35. Roman legal code. Influenced European legal systems.

Costa Rica. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1564 Spain settles. 1821 Independent. 1822 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1838 Republic.

Cranmer, Thomas. 1489-1556. First Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury. Executed by Queen Mary.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Croce, Benedetto. 1866-1952. Italian statesman, philosopher. Opposed fascism.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuba. Ciboney, Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 1511 Spanish colony. 1517 Slaves brought. 1898 US. Spanish-American War. 1902 Republic. 1957-9 Castro Revolution, Communist dictatorship.

Cubism. 1907. Braque and Picasso reduce painting to minimum geometric forms. Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907. Term coined by Braque 1909.

Cubism, Synthetic. 1913. Braque and Picasso create a collage form of painting.

Cumberland, Richard. 1631-1718. Philosopher, “father” of English Utilitarianism.

Cush. Ancient kingdom in Sudan = Nubia = ancient Ethiopia.

Cyclops. Mythical one-eyed giant.

Cynicism. 4C BC-6C. Greek philosophy. Antisthenes. Diogenes.

Cyprian, St. c200-258. Martyred Bishop of Carthage. Opposed Pope.

Cyrenaics. 4C BC. Greek school of philosophy. Pleasure is the highest good. Epicureanism.

Czechoslovakia. 1918 Formed in breakup of Austro-Hungarian Empire. 1920 Little Entente. 1938 -Sudetenland. 1939-45 German occupation. 1949 People’s Democratic Republic. 1968 Prague Spring. 1991 Republic. 1993 Split into Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Czechoslovakia Intervention. 1968. Russian troops end Dubcek reform policies. Warsaw Pact maintains right to intervene anywhere Socialism is threatened.

Dandolo, Enrico. c1108-1205. Blind Venice Doge. Captured Constantinople 1204.

Daniel. 7C BC. Hebrew prophet. Interpreted dreams.

Danilo I-II. 1677-1835, 1826-60. Montenegrin Prince-Bishops.

Darrow, Clarence. 1857-1938. US defense lawyer for Leopold and Loeb, Scopes, Debs.

De Quincey, Thomas. 1785-1859. English essayist. Confessions of an English Opium Eater 1821.

Deacon. Christian cleric. Lowest rank of Episcopal Holy Orders. Protestant lay official.

Deborah. Old Testament prophet.

Defence of India Act. 1915. Britain. Caused Noncooperation Movement.

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