Communism. Collective ownership of property and industry. Wealth shared according to need. Eventually, “dictatorship of proletariat”.

Communist Party. USSR. 1918. Name adopted by Bolsheviks for Social Democratic Workers’ Party. Parties started in Britain, USA, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Germany soon after.

Comoros. 8C Moslem. 1527 Europeans explore. 1886 France. 1975 Independent.

Comte, Auguste. 1798-1857. French Positivist philosopher. Religion belongs to primitive society. Positivism 1830. Tejada Law.

Conciliarism. 12C-. General Council has greater power than pope. Popular during Great Schism.

Concorde. 1962-76. French/British joint development of a supersonic airliner.

Condillac, Étienne de. 1715-80. French sensualist philosopher. Locke follower.

Condorcet, Marquis de. 1743-94. French philosopher. Perfectibility of mankind.

Confucius. 551-479BC. Chinese philosopher and moralist. Advocated reason, love and respect for others over supernatural. Chinese Exam. Wu Ching.

Conrad, Joseph. 1857-1924. Polish/English novelist emphasizing relations between people and circumstances. Lord Jim 1900. Heart of Darkness 1902.

Conscience, Hendrik. 1812-83. Romantic novelist; developed Flemish novel.

Constance, Council. 1414-18. Ended Great Schism. Church council victory over papal power. Martin V elected pope.

Constantine I. 274-338. Roman Emperor 306-, established Christianity as official religion. Moved capital to Constantinople. United state and church.

Constantinople. Byzantium. Now Istanbul.

Constantinople, Fall of. 1453. Mehmed II. Name changed.

Constantinople Agreements. 1915. Secret French/British pact to give Dardanelles to Russia after WWI. Bolsheviks repudiated all previous treaties, but publicized secret ones-embarrassing.

Continental System. 1806-12. Napoleon’s European embargo vs Britain. Russian refusal led to 1812 Campaign. British retaliation led to Anglo-American War 1812.

Cooper, James Fenimore. 1789-1851. US adventure writer: Last of Mohicans 1826. Deerslayer 1841.

Copenhagen, Battle. 1801. Nelson destroys Danish fleet. 1807. British bomb Copenhagen.

Copernicus, Nicolaus. 1473-1543. Polish astronomer, who demonstrated planetary motion around sun 1528. De Revolutionibus. Aristarchus. Galileo.

Copland, Aaron. 1900-90. US composer blending Jewish, folk, jazz, and Latin influences into a popular style. Experimented with serial techniques.

Copper Age. c3000BC. Early Bronze Age.

Coptics. Monophysite Christian church in Egypt. 451 Schism from Rome.

Copyright ©. 1518 Pynson, king’s printer. 1710 Britain. Copyright Act. 1789 Ramsey in US. 1831 US Act. 1838 International. 1886 Berne Convention. 1952 Universal Copyright Convention. 1988 US joins Berne. 1998 US Digital Millenium Copyright Act.

Corelli, Arcangelo. 1653-1713. Italian violinist and composer. Early developer of concerto 1712.

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