Metellus, Macedonicus. -115BC. Roman censor. Advocated compulsory marriage to increase birthrate 131BC.

Michael. 1596-1645. Russian czar 1613-. First of Romanov dynasty.

Michael the Brave. 1558-1601. Prince of Wallachia. United Romania 1600.

Mickiewicz, Adam. 1798-1855. Polish Romantic poet. Pan Tadeusz 1834.

Middleton, Thomas. 1570-1627. English satiric dramatist. Changeling 1622. Woman Beware Women 1621.

Midhat Pasha. 1822-83. Turkish Vizier. First Ottoman constitution 1876.

Milan. 1854-1901. Serbian prince 1868-, king 1882-9. Won independence from Ottomans 1878.

Mile. 1593. English statute mile based on Roman Mille Passus, 1000 paces.

Minerva. Roman goddess of wisdom and arts = Athena.

Mithradatic Wars. 88~63BC. Mithradates defeated. Romans annex Pontus.

Mithraism. 5C BC-4C. Persian worship of Mithra, sun god of wisdom. Influenced Christianity. Adopted by Romans in Britain. Bull sacrifice.

Modernism. 19C Movement to reinterpret Roman Catholicism based on science, psychology. Declared heretical, 1907. Loisy. Tyrrell.

Moldavia (former). 14C Vlachs establish. 1349 Independent. 14C +Bessarabia. 16C Autonomous/Ottoman. 1774 Russian protectorate. 1774 -Bessarabia. 1859 +Walachia =Romania. 1940 Part ceded to MSSR.

Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

Montgomery, L.M. 1874-1942. Canadian Romantic children’s novelist. Anne of Green Gables 1908.

Mozarabs. 8-11C. Christians who adopted Moslem language and culture in Spain but remained Catholic.

Muhammad ’Ali Pasha. 1769-1849. Egyptian Viceroy 1805-48. Killed Mameluks. Aided Ottomans vs Greeks. Dynasty ruled Egypt to 1952.

Murad I. 1326-89. Ottoman sultan 1360-. Extended empire. Founded Janissaries.

Mursa, Battle. 351. Roman civil wars. Rebel Magnentius defeated by Constantius II. 54,000 dead.

Mylae, Battle. 260BC. Roman navy defeats Carthaginians in first Punic War.

Mysteries. Secret Roman/Greek religious cults. Orphic.

Nader Shah. 1688-1747. Severe ruler of Persia 1736-. Conquered Turks and northern India. Took Koh-i-noor diamond, Peacock Throne.

Nagyvarad, Peace. 1538. Divided Hungary between Hapsburg and Zápolya. Failure allowed Ottoman occupation of 2/3 of Hungary.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Navarino, Battle. 1827. Greeks/Allies naval defeat of Egypt/Turks.

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