Perón, Isabel. 1931-. Argentine president 1974-5, succeeding husband.

Perón, Juan. 1895-1974. Totalitarian Argentine president 1946-55, 73-4. Evita. Isabel.

Pérotin. -c1238. First composer to write for 4 voices. Sederunt.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Perpetual Alliance. 1291. Association of Swiss Cantons which engendered today’s Confederation.

Perrault, Charles. 1628-1703. French poet. Mother Goose 1697.

Perrault, Claude. 1613-88. French architect. Louvre Colonnade. Observatory.

Perret, Auguste. 1874-1954. French architect in reinforced concrete. Champs-Élyées Theatre.

Perry, Matthew. 1794-1858. US Commodore. Opened Japanese trade 1854.

Persephone. Greek goddess of fertility abducted by Hades.

Perseus. Slew Medusa with gods’ weapons. Married Andromeda.

Perseus. c212-166BC. Last Macedonian king 179-168BC. Defeated at Pydna by Rome.

Pershing, John. 1860-1948. US general; commanded French front 1918. WWI.

Persian Wars. 490-479BC. Greek city-states repel Persian invasion.

Persius. 34-62. Roman satirical poet. Stoic.

Peru. Settled 8000BC. 15C Inca. 1532 Pizarro conquers for Spain. 1821 Independent.

Pérugini, Pietro le. 1445-1523. Italian painter. Taught Raphael. St. Peter and Keys 1482 (Sistine Chapel).

Peruzzi, Baldassarre. 1481-1536. Italian architect, painter. Palazzo Massimo 1535. Villa Farnesina 1509-21.

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Pétain, Philippe. 1856-1951. Defender at Verdun, 1916. Armistice 1940. Vichy Prime Minister 1940-42. German puppet 1942-4. Life sentence for collaboration after liberation.

Peter, St. -64. Leader of Jesus’ disciples. First pope. Crucified upside-down by Nero.

Peter I. The Great. 1672-1725. Czar of Russia. Created navy. Defeated Sweden 1709. Founded St. Petersburg.

Peter II. 1923-70. King of Yugoslavia 1934-45. Deposed in exile by Tito.

Peter III. 1728-62. Czar 1762. Overthrown by wife Catherine the Great.

Peterhouse. 1284. First Cambridge college.

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