Alaric II. -507. King of Visigoths 484-, beaten by Clovis, 507. Law code 506 for Roman subjects.

Alban, St. -c303. First British martyr.

Albania. Balkans. 3-5C Visigoth, Huns invade. 6-7C Bulgars, Serbs, Slavs invade.12-15C Bulgar, Norman, Angevin, Serb, Venice contest.15C Ottoman. 1912 Independent republic. 1928 Monarchy (Zog). 1939 Italy occupies. 1945 Communist (Hoxha). 1961 Left Warsaw Pact. 1991 Democratic Constitution.

Albert, Prince Consort. 1819-1861. Married Queen Victoria, 1840. Responsible for International exhibitions 1851, 62. Moderated Trent Affair.

Albert I. 1875-1932. King of Belgians, 1909. Led army WWI. Introduced universal male suffrage.

Alberti, Leon. 1404-72. Italian Renaissance Man. Artist, poet, geographer, mathematician.

Albertus Magnus, St. c1200-80. Swabian Dominican philosopher influenced Aquinas: independent observation of nature. Alchemist.

Albigenses. (Cathars). Southern French ascetic Neo-Manichean heretic Christian sect. Eliminated by 13th Crusade, 1208-1229 and Inquisition.

Albion. Ancient Greek, Roman name for Great Britain, probably from Gaelic.

Alboin. -572. Germanic Lombard King. Allied Germanic tribes and conquered N Italy.

Alchemy. Magic art of Egyptian origin attempting to transmute metals, esp lead to gold. Based on belief that all metals are a pure base metal + impurities which the philosopher’s stone can remove.

Alcmaeonidae. 7-5C BC. Prominent Athenian family. Pericles.

Alcott, Louisa May. 1832-88. US novelist: Little Women 1869.

Alcuin. c735-804. English Counselor to Charlemagne. Set up monastic education system in Europe.

Alden, John. c1599-1687. Pilgrim father. Married Priscilla Mullens.

Aldermaston March. 1958-64. Annual ‘Ban the Bomb’ demonstration of CND.

Aldine Editions. 1490-1597. Quality books printed by Aldo Manuzio and family, Venice.

Alemanni. 3-6C. Confederation of Germanic tribes in Swabia defeated by Clovis, 496.

Alembert, Jean Le Rand d’. 1717-83. French philosopher and mathematician, Encyclopaedist.

Alexander, Harold (of Tunis). 1891-1969. British. Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean 1944-45. Directed Dunkirk evacuation. Governor General of Canada, 1946-52.

Alexander II. 1818-81. Russian Czar 1855-. Emancipated serfs, 1861. Established elected assemblies, Zemstvo, settled Crimean War. Assassinated by Narodniki.

Alexander VI. Pope. Demarcation Bull 1493 divided newly discovered land between Spain, Portugal. Tordesillas.

Alexander of Hales. -1245. English Franciscan Aristotelian philosopher, theologian. Summa Theologia 1246.

Alexander the Great. 356-323BC. Macedonian king 336-. Conquered an Asian empire to Persia and India.

Algeria. c2000BC Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia...9C BC Carthage. 146 BC Rome. 429 Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 7C Moslem. c1500 Spain. 1518 Ottoman. 1671 Independent. 1830 France. 1962 Independent.

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