Parthenon. 447-431BC. Marble Doric temple of Athena built by Phidias and Ictinus under Pericles on Athens Acropolis. Damaged by Venetians attacking Turks 1687.

Pascal, Blaise. 1623-62. French mathematician, Jansenist philosopher, physician. Calculator 1642.Barometer 1646. Syringe 1648. Hydraulics. Probability 1654. Pensées 1670.

Passarowitz, Treaty. 1718. Venice cedes Peloponnesus to Ottomans. Ends Turkish War.

Passchendaele, Battle. 1917 Limit of British/Canadian advance WWI, Ypres. 300,000 casualties. 1918 Germans first use of mustard gas.

Passy, Frédéric. 1822-1912. French founder of International League for Permanent Peace 1867. First

Pastry War. 1838-9. France blockades Mexico. Wins cook’s 1828 damage claims.

Pater, Walter. 1839-94. English critic devoted to ideal. Studies in History of Renaissance. Marcus the Epicurean.

Pathé, Charles. 1863-1957. French film maker. First Newsreels 1909. Les Misérables 1909. Perils of Pauline 1914.

Patricians. -287BC. Roman upper class. Plebeians. Nobiles.

Paul, St. c10-67. Apostle, organizer of Christian religion. Travelled extensively. Pharisee, rabbi, tentmaker converted by vision, 37. Epistles. Martyred by Nero.

Paul IV. Pope 1555-9. Curtailed corruption. Roman Inquisition. Created Jewish ghetto in Rome 1555.

Paullus, Aemilius. 229-160BC. Roman victor at Pydna, 168BC. Ended Macedonian War.

Pavia, Battle. 1525. Holy Roman Empire defeats France. Madrid Treaty.

Pavia, Battle. 476. Odoacer defeats Romans, ending Western Roman Empire.

Pavia, Siege. 773-4. Charlemagne defeats Lombards.

Pax. Roman goddess of peace.

Pax Romana. 27BC-193. Period of Roman peace and prosperity begun by Augustus.

Peacock, Thomas. 1785-1866. English witty satirical novelist: Nightmare Abbey.

Peasants’ Revolt. 1381. Led by Wat Tyler vs poll tax. Tyler killed by London mayor in king’s presence. Richard II makes concessions but doesn’t follow through.

Peasants’ War. 1524-6. Geneva Anabaptist peasants crushed by nobles and clergy. Muntzer.

Pei, I.M. 1917-. Chinese/US architect. Kennedy Airport 1960. Place Ville-Marie. Louvre Pyramid.

Peirce, Charles. 1839-1914. US philosopher. Pragmatism. -“logic is keystone of all knowledge”.

Peking Man. 350,000BC. Homo Erectus fossil discovered 1927.

Pemberton, John. 1831-88. US pharmacist. Coca Cola 1886.

Penates. Roman household gods.

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