Caxton, William. c1422-91. Printed first English book 1473/4. First printer in England, 1476. Published Chaucer, Aesop. First woodcuts appear in Game and Playe of Chesse 1476. First poster 1477.

Ceausescu, Nicolae. 1918-89. Repressive Romanian dictator, 1965-. Advocated independence from USSR and western ties. Economic policy led to food, energy shortages. Overthrown and executed.

Céline, Louis-Ferdinand. 1894-1961. French writer: Voyage au bout de la nuit 1932.

Cellini, Benvenuto. 1500-71. Florentine Mannerist sculptor, goldsmith. Saltcellar of Francis I 1543. Autobiography 1561.

Central African Republic. 1891 French colony 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1958 Self-government. 1960 Independent. 1976-79 Central African Empire.

Central America Federation. 1823-40. Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica.

Cerularius, Michael. c1000-59. Patriarch of Constantinople 1043-58. East-West Schism.

Ceylon. Sri Lanka.

Cezanne, Paul. 1839-1906. French Post-Impressionist painter. Illusion of depth by color. Card Players 1892.

CGT. 1895. Confédération Générale du Travail. Largest French union organization.

Chaco War. 1932-5. Paraguay defeats Bolivia’s claim on Gran Chaco. 100,000 dead.

Chad. 7C Sao. 11C Kanem. 14-16C Kanem, Bornu dispute...16C Bornu. 1808 Hausa. 1897 French protectorate. 1910 French colony «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent republic.

Chadwick, Edwin. 1800-90. English campaigner for cleanliness to prevent disease. Poor Law Commission, 1832-46. Board of Health 1848-54.

Chadwick, James. 1891-1974. English discoverer of neutron.

Chagall, Marc. 1887-1985. Russian/French painter of biblical scenes. Stained glass. Ceiling, Paris Opera 1964.

Chaillot Palace. By Carlu, Boileau, Azéma. Completed 1937.

Chain, Ernst. 1906-79. With Florey, purified penicillin.

Chakkri. 1782-. Dynasty ruling Thailand.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Chaldean Empire. 625-538BC. Last Babylonian Empire. Conquered by Persia. Nabopolassar.

Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

Chamberlain, Austen. 1863-1937. British Statesman. Locarno Pact.

Chamberlain, Houston. 1855-1927. British/German antisemite pro-Aryan philosopher. Foundation of the Nineteenth Century, 1899.

Chamberlain, Joseph. 1836-1914. English imperialist politician.

Chamberlain, Neville. 1869-1940. English statesman, Prime Minister, 1937-40. Appeasement Policy towards Hitler. Munich Agreement.

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