Chambers, William. 1726-96. English Palladian architect. Somerset House 1776-86.

Chambord, Count de. 1820-83. Claimed French throne; inflexibility led to failure of Bourbon restoration negotiations 1874.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Champs-Élysée. Paris boulevard. (=Elysian Fields.) Trees planted by Le Nôtre 1667. Named 1709.

Chanak Crisis. 1922. British fear Turkish threat to Dardanelles. Lausanne Peace, 1923.

Channel Islands. 911 Norman. 1066 England. Autonomous British crown possession.

Chanson de Roland. 12C French epic poem. Roncesvalles. Roland.

Chapman, George. c1559-1634. English poet, playwright: Bussy d’Ambois 1607. Translated Homer.

Chappe, Claude. 1763-1805. French engineer, physicist: Aerial telegraph 1792.

Charles, Jacques. French physicist, launched early hydrogen balloon 1783 with Robert. Gas Law V=kT 1798.

Charles I. 1600-49. King of Great Britain and Ireland. 1625-. Attempted to rule without Parliament. Defeated in Civil War. Beheaded.

Charles I. 1887-1922. Last ruler of Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1916-18.

Charles II. 1630-85. King of Great Britain and Ireland. Restored monarchy, 1660.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Charles Emmanuel I. 1562-1630. Duke of Savoy. Last attack vs Geneva, 1602. Escalade.

Charlottetown Conference. 1864. Canadian provinces plan Confederation.

Charybdis. Whirlpool between Italy and Sicily, opposite Scylla.

Chateaubriand. 1768-1848. French Romantic writer: d’Atala 1801. Memoirs d’outre-tombe.

Chaykovsky, Nikolai. 1850-1926. Russian Socialist. Opposed Bolsheviks. Led counterrevolutionary government 1918-20.

Cheever, John. 1912-82. US writer of middle-class America. Wapshot Chronicle 1957.

Chekhov, Anton. 1860-1904. Russian melancholic cynical novelist/dramatist: Seagull, Three Sisters.

Cheops. c2600BC. Egyptian pharaoh, largest pyramid.

Chernobyl. 1986. Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster.

Cherokee. Indian tribe removed 1838-9 to Oklahoma. Trail of Tears.

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