Owens, Jesse. 1913-80. Black US athlete. 4 golds at 1936 Berlin Olympics contradicted Hitler’s Aryan supremacy.

Pachero, Francisco. 1564-1654. Spanish writer, artist. Arte de la pintura 1649. Taught Velazquez, Cano.

Pacific, War of. 1879-84. Chile wins land from Peru, Bolivia’s coastline.

Pacification of Ghent. 1576. Catholic, Protestant truce in Netherlands to revolt vs Spanish occupiers.

Padilla, Juan de. 1490-1521. Spanish revolutionary. Led Communeros vs Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Executed.

Páez, José. 1790-1873. Venezuelan revolutionary with Bolivar. First president 1831~43. Dictator 1861-3.

Pahlavi. 3-10C. Iranian branch of Indo-European languages.

Pahlavi, Muhammed. 1919-80. Shah of Iran 1941-79. Deposed by Khomeini.

Pahlavi, Reza Shah. 1877-1944. Army officer. Led coup over Kajar dynasty 1925. Shah of Iran 1925-41.

Pakistan. 25C BC Indus civilization. 15C BC Aryan. 6C Achaemenid. 326 Alexander. 4C BC Maurya Empire. c50 AD Kushan. 4C Gupta. 5C Hun. 8C Moslem. 11C Turks. 1206 Delhi Sultanate. 1526 Mogul. 1780 Sikh. 1840 British India. 1947 Independent. 1956 Islamic Republic. 1971 -Bangladesh.

Palaemon. Greek god of ships = Portunus.

Palais de la Bourse. 1808-1907. First public stock exchange 1724 was in Mazarin Mansion.

Palamedes. Mythical Greek hero. Invented numbers, alphabet, coins.

Palatinate. 1156-. Region of south Germany ravaged during 30 Years War and War of Grand Alliance. Saar.

Pale. Region of a country subject to separate laws or government. 1171-16C part of Ireland subject to English rule. Pale of Settlement 1792-1917, Jews in Russia.

Palestine. Holy land of Jews, Christians, Moslems. 2100BC Amorites invade. 18C BC Hyksos. 16C Hebrews settle. 1500 Egypt. 142 Maccabees. 63BC Rome...5C Byzantine. 614 Persia. 640 Moslem. 1099 Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1291 Mameluk. 16C Ottoman. 1917 Britain. 1920 British under League of Nations mandate. 1947 Partition, Independent Israel.

Palestine Liberation Organization. PLO. 1964. To reclaim land from Israel. 1988 Proclaimed Palestinian State. 1993 Israel-PLO Accord, mutual recognition. Palestinian Authority. Arafat. Terrorism. Munich Olympics.

Palestrina. 1525-94. Italian composer. Pioneer of chordal music. A capella choir 1585. Improperia 1560.

Pali. Indo-European language of Buddha.

Palissy, Bernard. 1510-89. French potter. Discovered white porcelain.

Palladian. Classical Roman British architecture. 1615-35 and 1715-60. Inigo Jones. Palladio.

Palladio, Andrea. 1508-80. Italian architect. Reintroduced Roman symmetry and proportion to Venetian villas. Suspension Bridge 1550. Architecture 1570.

Palladium. Sacred image of Athena protecting Troy. Stolen by Odysseus.

Pallas. Greek giant killed by Athena.

Pan-African Congress. 1900~45. Promoted interests of blacks worldwide.

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