Stonehenge. c18-14C BC. English megalithic monument with astronomical properties, religious purpose.

Stopes, Marie. 1880-1958. British Family Planning pioneer. First London birth control clinic 1921.

Stradivari, Antonio. 1644-1737. Italian master violin maker 1666-.

Straisund, Treaty. 1370. Denmark makes commercial concessions to Hanseatic League.

Straits Convention. 1841-1923. Banned warships from Dardanelles in peacetime.

Strasser, Gregor. 1892-1934. German Nazi leader, Hitler rival. Assassinated.

Strauss, Richard. 1864-1949. Traditional German composer of symphonic poems, operas. Don Juan 1889. Salome 1905. Also Sprach Zarathustra 1909.

Streicher, Julius. 1885-1946. German Nazi leader. Executed.

Stresemann, Gustav. 1878-1929. German statesman. Gained entry to League of Nations.

Sture, Sten. 1440-1503. Swedish patriot, regent 1470~1503. Opposed Kalmar Union. Defeated Christian I, deposed John in Sweden.

Succession States. 1918. Former Austria-Hungary territories: Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Poland, Austria, Hungary.

Sucre, Antonio de. 1795-1830. Revolutionary with Bolivar. First Bolivian president 1826-8.

Sudan. 4000BC = Nubia. c3000BC Egypt. 11-4C BC Cush Empire. c350 Aksum. 6C Christian. 15C Moslem. 1821 Egypt. 1898 Kitchener conquers...1899 Anglo/Egypt administration. 1956 Independent.

Suetonius. c69-122. Roman biographer. Lives of the Caesars.

Suez Canal. 1850BC First. 600BC Necho II. 500BC Darius I. 250BC Ptolemy II. 100 Trajan. 1859-69 Built by Lesseps. 1875 Britain buys 44%. 1956 Egypt Nationalizes.

Suez Crisis. 1956. Denied US finance for Aswan Dam, Egypt nationalizes canal. Israel invades Sinai. France, Britain try to retake canal. UN occupies Canal Zone.

Suffolk, Duke of. -1554. Father, supported Lady Jane Grey. Executed for Wyat Rebellion.

Sufism. 8/9C Persian Moslem movement. Soul’s personal union with God. =Islamic mysticism.

Sugar Act. 1764. British law to end sugar smuggling. A cause of American Revolution.

Sukarno. 1901-70. Indonesian nationalist leader, president 1949-67. Sought communist ties. Authoritative ‘guided democracy’.

Suleiman I. The Magnificent. 1494-1566. Ottoman sultan 1520-. Expanded Empire to Yugoslavia, Hungary, Greece. Besieged Vienna. Cultural expansion. Barbarossa II.

Sulla, Lucius. 138-78BC. Roman consul 88-79. Dictator 82-79. Civil war with Marius. Murdered thousands of opponents. Conquered Athens. Constitutional reforms.

Sully, duc de. 1560-1641. French Finance minister to Henry IV. Helped rebuild France after Wars of Religion.

Sultan. Islamic spiritual and political leader.

Sumerians. c6000-2000BC Civilization in Tigris-Euphrates valley. First writing system. First legal code. Akkad. Ur.

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