Sumner, Charles. 1811-74. US Abolitionist senator. Urged Johnson impeachment.

Sumter, Fort. 1861. Confederate attack. First aggression of American Civil War.

Sun Yat-sen. 1866-1925. Chinese revolutionary humanitarian. Failed revolts 1895, 1913. President 1911-12, 23-25. Organized Kuomintang.

Sunderland, Earl of. 1674-1722. British Whig minister. South Sea National Debt scheme.

Sunni. Majority orthodox Moslem sect who follow Sunnah, traditional legal, social practices. Shi’ite.

Supreme Being, Cult of. 1794. French Revolution. Robespierre. Cult of Reason.

Surprise Plot. 1603. To hold James I hostage for religious reform.

Surrealism. 1920-. Artistic and literary movement dealing with the expression of the subconscious mind, fantasy, dreams. Klee, Dali, de Chirico, Chagall.

Suslov, Mikhail. 1902-82. Soviet Communist ideologist. Invasions of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan.

Svevo, Italo. 1861-1928. Italian psychological novelist. Confessions of Zeno 1923.

Sviatoslav. 920-72. Varangian Duke of Kiev 945-. Expansion creates empire.

SWAPO. Southwest African People’s Organization for Namibian independence. 1960 Founded by Nujoma, Toiva vs South African hegemony. 1971 UN recognition.

Sweden. c8000BC Settled. 9C Rurik establishes Russ dynasty. c1000 Christian. 1319 +Norway. 1397 Kalmar Union. 1520 Revolt. 1523 Independence Vasa dynasty. 1809 -Finland. 1814 +Norway. 1905 -Norway.

Sykes-Picot Agreement. 1916. France, Britain agree on post WWI partition of Ottoman Empire.

Syncretism. Amalgamation of conflicting religions.

Syndicalism. 1900-39. Union movement vs capitalistic order by direct action, general strikes. Sorel. IWW.

Syracuse. c734BC Corinthian colony in Sicily. 211BC Rome. 878 Arab. 1085 Norman. Sicily. Dionysius.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Taft-Hartley Act. 1947. US act regulating unions, strikes.

Tahiti Dispute. 1836-44. British reject Tahitian request for protection vs French.

Taiping Rebellion. 1850-64. Hung Hsiu-ch’üan and Taiping socialist rebels capture Nanking 1853. Defeated by Gordon. Weakened Manchu dynasty.

Taisho. 1879-1926. Japanese Emperor 1912-. Modernization, liberalism, imperialism.

Taiwan. Indonesians. 1590 Portugal discovers = Formosa. 17C Dutch/Spanish settle. 1662 Chinese settle, expel Europeans. 1895 Japan. 1945 China. 1949 Independent as Republic of China. 1971 United Nations gives Taiwan’s seat to People’s Republic of China.

Talion. Law.Early Babylonia -18C. “Eye for an eye”.

Tallien, Jean. 1767-1820. French Jacobin. Led Rebellion of 9 Thermidor.

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