St Helens, Mt. 1980. Eruption.

St Kitts and Nevis. St Kitts: Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1623,4 British, French settle, dispute. 1783 British. Nevis: 1628 British settle. 1816 St Kitts +Nevis, Anguilla, Virgin Islands. 1871 Leeward Islands Federation. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 St Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla Autonomous. 1980 -Anguilla. 1983 Independent.

St Lucia. Carib Arawak. 17C English fail to settle. 1650 French settle. 1803 Britain. 1838 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 Autonomous. 1979 Independent.

St Médard Convulsionnaires. Believers in miraculous cures at St. Médard cemetery forbidden by Louis XV in 1732: “By Order of the King, Let God No Miracle Perform in this Place!”

St Vincent and the Grenadines. Carib. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1763 English. 1773 Treaty with Caribs. 1795 Carib revolt fails, most deported. 1871 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1969 Autonomous. +Grenadines. 1979 Independent.

Stahl, Georg. 1660-1734. German chemist. Animalism-soul controls bodily functions. Theory of Combustion 1702.

Stählberg, Kaarlo. 1865-1952. First President of independent Finland 1919-25. Constitution.

Stakhanovism. 1935. Soviet movement to increase workers’ output. Rewards for exceeding quota.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Stalin Line. Soviet defensive fortifications along Polish border.

Stamp Act. 1765. British tax on newspapers and legal documents. A cause of American Revolution. Stamp Act Congress.

Stamp Act Congress. 1765. Issued Declaration of Rights and Grievances vs “taxation without representation”. American Revolution.

Standard Time. 1884. Standardized one hour divisions from Greenwich. Fleming.

Stanislaw I. 1677-1766. Polish king 1704-9, 1733-5. 1733 return sparked War of Polish Succession.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. 1815-1902. US suffrage leader. First woman’s rights convention 1848. Mott.

Stavisky Affair. 1933-4. French scandal. Fraudulent bonds sold. Belief in government corruption causes riots.

Stein, Gertrude. 1874-1946. US avante-garde writer. Autobiography of Alice B Toklas 1933. Coined “Lost Generation”.

Steiner, Jakob. 1796-1863. Swiss/German mathematician. Pioneered synthetic geometry.

Steuben, Baron von. 1730-94. Prussian general. Trained, organized American Revolution army 1778-.

Stevenson, Adlai. 1900-65. US diplomat, United Nations founder.

Stimson Doctrine. 1932. US not to recognize territories seized by agression.

Stoicism. 4C BC. Ideal life of restraint, duty, ignoring passions, desires. Mind is a finer subdivision of matter. There are universal natural laws. Founded by Zeno.

Stokes, G. Gabriel, Baronet. 1819-1903. Irish discoverer of ultraviolet flourescence. Law of Viscosity.

Stolypin, Pyotr. 1862-1911. Russian Prime Minister 1906-. Used secret police to control revolutionaries. Moderate reforms.

Stone Age. Period before use of metal tools. Date varies by region: Near east -c3500BC Paleolithic. Neolithic.

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