Robespierre, Maximilien de. 1758-94. Jacobin extremist French revolutionary leader. Opposed Cult of Reason. Led Terror. Executed.

Rochambeau, Comte de. 1725-1807. French commander, aided in American Revolution.

Rochefoucauld. LaRochefoucauld.

Rococo. Art and Architecture 1720-70. Last stage of Baroque. Shell shaped motif in ornamentation. Dainty, graceful, ornate, smiling. Watteau. Boucher. Fragonard.

Rodin, Auguste. 1840-1917. French sculptor: Thinker 1879-89. Balzac. Beethoven. Kiss 1886. Burghers of Calais 1884-6. Gates of Hell.

Rohan, Prince de. 1734-1803. French cardinal duped in Diamond Necklace Affair.

Roland de la Platière, Jean. 1734-93. Moderate French revolutionary leader. Fled Terror.

Roland de la Platière, Jeanne. 1754-93. French wife of Jean. Held revolutionary salons. Executed.

Rolland, Romain. 1866-1944. French writer Jean Christophe 1904-46.

Romains, Jules. 1885-1972. French writer. 27 vol.Men of Good Will 1932-46.

Romance Languages. European languages deriving from Latin.

Romantic. Period of music. c1800-1910. Sought freedom of expression. Instrumental virtuoso. Berlioz. Liszt. Schubert. Schumann.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Romantic Movement. Reaction vs Enlightenment, French cultural domination. Native themes, individuality, subjectivity, self-expression.

Rommel, Erwin. 1891-1944. German WWII Field Marshal in Africa 1941-3, France 1944. “Desert Fox”. Plotted vs Hitler. Suicide.

R101. 1930. British airship, world’s largest, crashed in France.

Ronsard, Pierre de. 1524-85. French Pléiade poet. Odes 1550. Amours 1552. Franciade 1572.

Roosevelt, Franklin. 1882-1945. US president 1933-45. New Deal 1933-. Pacifist until Pearl Harbor. Four Freedoms.

Rosenberg, Alfred. 1893-1946. German Nazi ideologist. Executed.

Rosso Fiorentino. 1495-1540. Mannerist painter. Descent from Cross 1521.

Rostand, Edmond. 1868-1918. French Romantic dramatist: Cyrano de Bergerac 1897.

Roualt, Georges. 1871-1958. French Expressionist painter. Bold, vivid, flat colors like stained glass. The Old King 1937.

Rouget de Lisle. 1760-1836. French officer, wrote La Marseillaise 1792.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Ruanda Urundi. Batwa. Bahuta. 14C Watusi. 1897 German East Africa. 1916 Belgium. 1923 League of Nations mandate 1962 Independent. Rwanda, Burundi.

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