Republic French. 1792-1804 First. 1848-52 Second. Napoleon III. 1870-1940 Third. 1946-58. Fourth. 23 governments in 12 years. 1958-. Fifth. DeGaulle.

Resistance. WWII underground paramilitary groups in German-occupied countries, notably France. Partisans. Maquis.

Restoration. 1660. English Monarchy reinstated following Protectorate. 1791 French Revolutionary Wars.

Restoration Period. England 1660-88. Charles II, James II. France 1814~30. Louis XVIII, Charles X.

Resurrection. Key Christian belief that Jesus rose from dead.

Retz, Cardinal de. 1613-79. French politician, writer, Fronde leader.

Retz, Gilles de. 1404-40. French Marshal. Joan of Arc companion. Tortured, killed 140 children. Model for Bluebeard.

Reunion Is. 1513 Portugal discovers. 1638 French claim. 1665 French settle. 1810 British. 1814 French. 1947 French Overseas Department.

Revolutionary Tribunal. 1793-5. French Terror court.

Reynaud, Paul. 1878-1966. French Prime Minister, imprisoned by Vichy French.

Rhee, Syngman. 1875-1965. First South Korean president 1948-60. Campaigned for Independence from Japan.

Rhine, Confederation of. 1806-13. Bavaria and German states with constitution in French model.

Rhodes, Cecil. 1853-1902. English colonialist in South Africa. Endowed Oxford scholarship to preserve Empire.

Ribalta, Francisco. 1565-1628. Spanish painter. Light/dark color contrast. Christ Embracing St Bernard.

Ribaut, Jean. 1520-65. French explorer to North America.

Richelieu, Cardinal. 1585-1642. French politician 1624-. Built power of Louis XIII.

Richthofen, Manfred von. 1892-1918. WWI German air ace. Downed 80 Allied planes.

Rights, Bill of. 1791. First 10 amendments to US constitution. Freedom of religion, right to due process, counsel, bear arms, no self incrimination, cruel or unusual punishment, etc.

Rights of Man, Declaration. 1789. Preamble to 1791 French constitution. Guaranteed representation, equality before law, property, freedom of religion, press, speech.

Rimbaud, Arthur. 1854-91. French Symbolist poet: Illuminations. Anticipated Freud’s ideas.

Rimini Golden Bull. 1226. Frederick II grants sovereignty of Prussia to Teutonic knights.

Rio Salado, Battle. 1340. Major Christian victory in conquering Spain from Moslems.

Robbins, Frederick. 1916-. US physician. Discovered polio virus with Enders, Weller.

Roberts, Frederick. 1832-1914. British Field Marshal. Afghan War. Boer War.

Roberval, Gilles de. 1602-75. French physicist: balance 1670. Geometry of curves.

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