Rastatt, Congress of. 1713. After War of Spanish Succession, Holy Roman Empire renounces claim to Spanish throne. 1797-9. Failed at peace between France and HRE.

Ravachol, François. 1859-92. French anarchist. Guillotined.

Ravaillac, Francois. 1578-1610. Assassin of Henry IV. Quartered.

Ravel, Maurice. 1875-1937. French Impressionist composer. Adopted new forms such as jazz and atonality. Boléro 1928.

Ravenna. 402 Western Roman Empire capital. 476 Ostrogothic capital of Italy. 553 Byzantine. 751 Lombard. 754 Franks. 1278 Papal States. 1441 Venice. 1509 Papal States. 1859 Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Reason, Cult of. 1793-5. French Revolution atheist anti-Catholic movement.

Reconquista. 11C-1492 Campaign of Christians to recapture Spain, Portugal from Moslems. 1118 Aragon. 1238 Valencia. 1492 Granada.

Redi, Francesco. 1626-97. Italian naturalist. Maggots from fly eggs, not spontaneous generation, 1668.

Reform Bills. England. 1832: Russell redistributes Parliamentary seats, enfranchises renters. 1867: Disraeli enfranchises workers in towns. 1884: Gladstone enfranchises agricultural workers. Representation of People Acts.

Régence. c1700-30. Decorative arts style: Transition from heavy, linear to Rococo. Watteau.

Regency. 1800-30. Georgian Classicist architecture with tinge of exotic from the Empire. Stucco facing on brick. Nash. Soane. Hope. Sheraton. Decorative Arts: Neoclassical, Egyptian motifs.

Regency. France. 1715-23. Philippe, duc d’Orléans regent for Louis XV.

Registers, Parish. 1308 France. 1538 England.

Regium Donum. 1690~1869. Grant from monarch to Nonconformist ministers in Britain.

Régnier, Mathurin. 1573-1613. French satirical poet.

Religion, Wars of. 1562-1598. Eight French wars between Catholics and Protestants. Ended by Edict of Nantes. Sully. Mornay. Three Henrys War.

Remarque, Erich. 1898-1970. German/US writer. All Quiet on the Western Front 1929.

Remington, Frederic. 1861-1909. US artist of western subjects.

Renaissance. 13-16C Rebirth of the arts, under classical influence. Humanism. Spread from Italy. Art. Architecture. Music.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Renan, Ernest. 1823-92. French writer: Future of Science, Origins of Christianity. Life of Jesus 1863.

Renart, le Roman de. Group of French adventure romances written in the 12-13C.

Renaudot, Théophraste. 1586-1653. Physician to Louis XIII. Huguenot. Founder of first periodical, Gazette de France 1631.

Renoir, Pierre A. 1841-1919. French Impressionist painter. Moulin de la Galette 1876. Bathers.

Representation of the People Acts. England. 1918 Women over 30 and men over 21 enfranchised. 1928 Women over 21. 1948 Plural voting abolished. 1969 Age of majority reduced to 18. Reform Bills.

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