Giorgione. c1477-1510. Venetian painter. Tempest c1505. Madonna of Castel franco c1504.

Giscard d’Éstaing, Valéry. 1926-. French UDF President 1974-81.

Glorious Revolution. 1688. British Protestant William and Mary depose James II. Declaration of Rights, Bill of Rights 1689.

Gobelins Tapestry Works. 1440. Established by Jehan Gobelin. Colbert reorganized 1662. Louis XIV sumptuous style. Le Brun. Versailles interiors.

Godfrey of Bouillon. c1061-1100. First Crusade leader. Ruled Palestine 1099-.

Godiva, Lady. c1040-80. Rode naked through Coventry to protest taxes. Wife of Earl Leofric.

Goering, Hermann. 1893-1946. German WWI flying ace, Nazi Prime Minister. Gestapo. Condemned at Nuremberg. Suicide.

Golden Horde. 1250-1395. Mongol Empire in west Russia.

Gomorrah. Licentious city destroyed by God. Sodom.

Gorbachev, Mikhail. 1931-. Leader of USSR 1985-91. Major reforms. Glasnost. Perestroika.

Grand Canal. 4C BC-1400. China. World’s longest, 1,000 miles.

Grande Gallery of Louvre. Longest gallery in the world, 300m.

Grandee. 13C-. Highest rank of Spanish nobility.

Grands-Augustins, Quai de. 1313. Oldest quay in Paris, by Philip the Fair.

Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.

Greeley, Horace. 1811-72. US founder of New Yorker, NY Tribune. Slavery critic. -“Go west, young man!”

Green, Hetty. 1835-1916. US miser. World’s richest woman.

Gregory VII (Hildebrand), St. 1020-85. Pope 1073-. Condemned lay investiture 1075. Henry IV appoints Anti-Pope Clement III, attacked Rome, 1081-3.

Grenada. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1651 French colony. 1763 English. 1876 Crown Colony. 1958 Fed of West Indies. 1967 Self-government. 1983 US invades to prevent Marxist insurrection.

Grillparzer, Franz. 1791-1872. Austrian playwright. The Ancestress 1817. Sappho 1818.

Griselda. Italian wife whose patience was tested by her husband, without complaint.

Haganah. 1920-48. Jewish protective force in Palestine. Basis of Israeli army.

Hague Conferences. 1899, 1907. Arms limitation talks banned poison gas, dum-dum bullets. Established World Court.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1661-1715. English Whig statesman. Started National Debt. Established Bank of England. 1694.

Halifax Explosion. 1917. French arms boat explodes in harbour. 2000 casualties. Biggest man-made explosion until Hiroshima.

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