Hamas. 1987-. Militant terrorist movement for elimination of Israel and establishment of a Palestinian state. Denounced 1993 peace agreement. PLO.

Hambach Festival. 1832. Young Germany demonstration.

Hamilton-Gordon, George. 1784-1860. British Prime Minister 1852-55. Oregon Treaty. Crimean War.

Hanno. 5C BC. Carthaginian. Established colonies in West Africa.

Harmony Society. Protestant celibate ascetic communal sect. Founded Harmony, PA 1806.

Harriman, W. Averell. 1891-1986. US negotiator of Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty. 1903. Established Panama Canal Zone.

Hearn, Lafcadio. 1850-1904. Translator; brought Japanese culture to West.

Hellen. Mythical ancestral king of Greeks.

Helnaes Stone. c800. Oldest Danish runic stone.

Helsinki Accords. 1975. Human rights, freedom, co-operation. Reduced East-West tensions.

Helvétius, Claude-Adrien. 1715-71. French Materialist philosopher. All actions based on self-interest. De l’ésprit 1758.

Hemingway, Ernest. 1898-1961. US novelist: Fairwell to Arms 1929. For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940. Old Man and the Sea 1952. Style:“A stream with stones of nouns and a surface of prepositional ripples” -L. Morrow.

Henry II. 1519-59. French king 1547-. Repressed Protestants. Captured Calais 1558. Treaties of Chambord, Cateau-Cambrésis.

Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

Henry IV. of Navarre. 1553-1610. King of France 1589-. Converted to Catholicism. Edict of Nantes protected Protestant rights. ’Reign of Rebuilding’. Assassinated by Ravaillac. Margaret of France.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Henry V. 1387-1422. King of England 1413-. Claimed France. Victor at Agincourt. Treaty of Troyes.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Hephaestus. Greek god of fire, metalsmith. =Vulcan.

Hercules, Tower of. Roman lighthouse in Spain, still in use.

Hermes Trismegistus. Egyptian founder of alchemy. Passed secret only to the sons of Pharaoahs.

Hestia. Greek goddess of the hearth.

Hillary, Sir Edmund. 1919-2008. New Zealand, first to climb Mt. Everest, 1953, with Tenzig Norgay.

Himmler, Heinrich. 1900-45. German Gestapo and SS head. Concentration camps. Suicide after Allied capture.

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