Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

Free Trade. International commerce free from duties, government restriction or discrimination. Smith.

Free Will. Philosophies which allow that man can more or less determine his own destiny. Fatalism.

French East India Company. 1664-1770. To protect French trade interests in India.

French Revolution. 1789-99. Monarchy overthrown. Republic established 1792. Caused by Absolutism, financial crisis, Enlightenment. Terror. Napoleon. French Revolutionary Wars.

French West Africa. 1895-1958. Dahomey, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Burkino Faso.

Frobisher, Martin. 1535-94. British navigator in search of North-West passage 1576.

Frontier. Moving US boundary between developed east and unsettled west. Opportunity for adventureres, explorers, pioneers.

Fundamentalism. 1920-. US conservative Protestant movement. Strict scriptural interpretation.

Galilee. N Israel. (Ancient N Palestine). Jesus’ homeland. Absorbed in Arab-Israeli War, 1949.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Gaveston, Piers. c1284-1312. English regent during absence of Edward II. Executed by barons.

Gaza Strip. Between Egypt, Israel. 1948- Egypt. 1956 Israel occupies. 1957 UN admin. 1967 Israel conq. 1979 “Autonomy” by Camp David Accord. 1993 Palestine.

Gempei War. 1180-5. Japanese civil war. Established Kamakura shogunate.

Geneva Convention. 1864. Established humane treatment of war wounded. Sanctioned Red Cross. 1949. Agreements concerning wounded, prisoners, and civilians in war.

Geneviève, St. c422-500. Patron St. of Paris. Nanterre girl, saved Paris vs Attila 451, Franks 461.

Gentlemen’s Agreement. 1907. US-Japan. Restricted emigration and discrimination. 1937. British-Italian agreement on Mediterranean. Appeasement.

George, St. 3/4C. Chivalric Patron St. of England, Portugal., and soldiers. Slew dragon.

George’s Day Revolt, St. 1343-5. Estonians vs Danes. Suppressed by Teutonic Knights who bought Estonia from Denmark.

German South-West Africa. 1884 Protectorate. 1892-1919 Colony. Namibia.

Germany, Federal Republic of. (FRG). 1949-90 West Germany. 1955 NATO. 1990 +GDR =Germany.

Gestalt. 1912. Psychological school of perception as an integrated whole.

Gestapo. 1933-45. Hitler’s internal secret police under Goering.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Gilded Age. Post American Civil War period of materialism, questionable ethics. Named by Mark Twain.

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