Sanctuary, Right of. Established 4C Rome. England until 1623 (criminal), 18C (civil). Europe until 1789. Asylum in church for 1 month.

Santo Domingo. Dominican Republic. 1496- Oldest continuous European settlement in western Hemisphere.

Santos-Dumont, Alberto. 1873-1932. Brazilian aviator in Europe, 1906. Monoplanes 1909.

Schiner, Matthäus. c1465-1522. Led Swiss to defeat at Maignano. Established peace and neutrality of Switzerland.

Schliemann, Heinrich. 1822-90. German amateur archeologist. Discovered Troy 1871, Mycenae 1875.

Schuman, Robert. 1886-1963. French Prime Minister 1947-8. 1950 plan to pool European resources led to EEC.

Scopas. 4C BC. Sculptor at Mausoleum, Temple of Artemis.

Scriabin, Aleksandr. 1872-1915. Russian composer uniting music with philosophy: Prometheus 1911. Musical symbolism.

Scutage. -14C. Payment by vassal to Lord in lieu of military service.

Scythians. 8/7-2C BC. Nomadic conquerors of S Europe, Russia. Conquered by Samaritans. Destroyed 2C AD.

Seleucids. 312-64BC. Hellenistic kingdom founded by Alexander’s general, Seleucus. Syria, Persia, Mesopotamia.

Seljuks. 1075-1242. Turkish dynasty ruled Caliphate Empire. Attacks vs Byzantines led to Crusades. Nucleus for Ottoman Empire.

Serfdom. Feudalism.

Seurat, Georges. 1859-91. French Neo-impressionist originator of Pointillist style of painting. The Bridge at Courbevoie.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Pyramids 4700-2160BC. Mausolus Tomb 353BC. Artemis Temple at Ephesus c550BC. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 600BC. Colossus of Rhodes 280BC. Zeus Statue at Olympia 450BC. Lighthouse at Alexandria c282BC.

Shelley, Percy Bysshe. 1792-1822. English lyric poet. Advocated freedom of thought. Prometheus Unbound 1820.

Signac, Paul. 1863-1935. French Neo-Impressionist Pointilist painter. Seurat.

Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

Slavs. Asian peoples. c2500BC migrated to eastern Europe. 5-6C to Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Balkans.

Sloane, Hans. 1660-1753. British collector. His legacy began the British Museum.

Smirke, Robert. 1781-1867. Architect. British Museum 1823.

Speusippus. -339BC. Led Athens Academy after Plato. First Encyclopedia.

St Brice’s Day Massacre. 1002. Ethelred orders killing of Danes in England.

St George’s Day Revolt. 1343-5. Estonian peasants vs Danes. North Estonia sold to Teutonic Knights.

St-Germain, Comte de. 1707-84. Won favour of Europe’s courts with “elixir of long life”.

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